مسجدِ صحابہ
شام سمے ہماری گاڑی طریق السلام پر فراٹے بھر رہی تھی ۔شدید گرمی سے لوگوں کے چہروں کو لال کر نے والا سورج بحیرہ احمر میں ڈبکی مارنے کی تیاری کر رہا تھا۔ساتھ والی نشست پر بیٹھی دکتورہ شائمہ سے میں نے پوچھا ہم کہاں جا رہے ہیں ۔اس نے کہا ’’مسجدِ صحابہ ‘‘بہت خوبصورت مسجد ہے ۔میں نے پوچھا کوئی پرانی مسجد ہے کہنے لگیں زیادہ پرانی نہیں مگر عمارت شاندار ہے ۔چند کلومیٹر راستہ طے کرنے کے بعد بلند میناروں والی مسجد صحابہ کے بلند وبالا گنبد و مینار اپنی عظمت کا احساس دلا رہے تھے ۔صحرائے سینا کی ریت کی مانند زرد بھوری مائل خشت اور ریختے سے بنی یہ مسجد ایک خوبصورت دلہن کی طرح سجی نظر آ رہی تھی ۔ دکتورہ شائمہ کے بہ قول اس مسجد کی بنیاد ۲۰۱۱ء میں رکھی گئی ۔مگر ملکی سیاسی حالات میں اتار چڑھائو کی وجہ سے تعمیراتی کام تسلسل کے ساتھ جاری نہ رہا ۔اس مسجد کا نقشہ ایک مصری آرکیٹیکٹ فواد توفیق نے بنایا ،نقشے کو ترتیب دیتے وقت فواد توفیق نے مصر پر حکمرانی کر نے والے تین مسلم ادوار فاطمی ،مملوکی اور عثمانی کو مدِ نظر رکھا ۔مسجد کے دو طویل القامت مینار اور کئی گنبد دیکھنے والوں کی آنکھوں کو خیرہ کرنے میں کوئی کسراٹھا نہیں رکھتے ، مسجد کے صحن میں سیمنٹ اور گارے سے بنے خوبصورت پانی کے جھکے ہوئے مٹکے جن میں لگی برقی موٹروں کے ذریعے قریبی گملوں اور کیاریوں میں موجود پودوں اور پھلوں کو سیراب کیے جانے کا دلکش منظر دیکھ کر سیاح اپنے موبائل کیمروں میں اس کی عکس بندی میں مصروف تھے ۔دکتورہ بسنت نے مجھ سے پوچھا کہ ’’آپ مسجد کے اندر جائیں گے ؟‘‘ میں نے کہا جی ضرور ۔انھوں نے مجھے دکتورخالد ،دکتورہ شائمہ کے...
Independance, freedom, peace and justice can be included in basic human needs. Need of these qualities and disliking of wars existed in human being since long. To accomplishes his task, UN was established in 1945. It is working for peace, resolution of disputes, restoration of human rights, welfare of mankind, freedom, religious and interfaifaith harmony. This world is a temporary abode where the humans are deemed as social beings. Allah Almighty has also endowed the humans with intellect and reason which has made conflict and difference of opinion inevitable among communities. Coupled with this are factors that can prove fatal and lead the humans astray. In such a critical scenario it is high time to work for global peace and harmony and to look for ways and means that ensure mutual understanding, tolerance, respect for humanity and above all respect for all religions. This artical descides how much successfull UN was in achieving its goals and what are the future prospects
Rangelands are usually managed for their capability to support livestock but their other plant related benefits are nearly overlooked. Rangelands undoubtedly play an important role in the livelihood of nomadic pastoral communities by supporting their livestock. Wild plants in the rangelands supply food stuff, medicine and fuelwood to the local communities. This study was designed to assess the contribution (ethnobotanical potential) of medicinal shrubs of Cholistan rangeland in socioeconomic uplift of local dwellers. Methodology for conducting this research was consisted of structured and unstructured phases. In unstructured stage, field visits were made and plant specimens were collected. Household surveys were conducted to collect ethnobotanical and socioeconomic information from the inhabitants of sixteen villages. Ethnobotanical data were also collected from medicinal plant experts/traditional herb healers by individual interviews by using well prepared separate questionnaires. Seven most common medicinal shrubs e.g. Calotropis procera, Calligonum polygonoides, Haloxylon recurvum, Capparis decidua, Ziziphus nummularia, Haloxylon salincornicum, and Aerva javanica were selected from the area for ethnobotanical studies. The results revealed that shrubs were usually used as fuelwood and some for fruits, wood (for making parts of agricultural tools), washing cloth and performing religious rituals. Local dwellers used these shrubs in curing thirty diseases but the herbal medicine practitioners enlisted fifty two different diseases cured by these plants in different combinations. For instance, Calotropis procera was used in maximum number of diseases while Capparis decidua and Ziziphus nummularia have more multiple uses. But some uses of these shrubs as medicine were first time recorded during this study. The density/availability of Haloxylon recurvum and Ziziphus nummularia is decreasing in the area due to three major factors i.e over exploitation (over grazing etc.), uncertain rain and agriculture expansion. These selected shrubs has role in socioeconomics of the local people (93.8 %) by providing fodder to livestock (20.9 %), as firewood (23.8 %) and as home remedy (21.3 %). Most of the respondents were of the view that the sale of these shrubs as medicine had great potential which could be enhanced to manifold by installing proper medicinal plant processing units at the local level. This will create more income generating sources in the area. Further, most of the medicinal shrubs are being used in the area only as fuelwood. Local dwellers are familiar with unique medicinal uses and recipes of these shrubs for different ailments. But they are not utilizing them completely. These shrubs were collected from the study area and analyzed in the laboratory for determining different nutritive quality parameters like %N [maximum in Aerva javanica (5.22%)], % crude protein [maximum in Aerva javanica (32.5%)], % CF [maximum in the stem bark of Ziziphus nummularia (39.49%)], % Ash [maximum in Aerva javanica (33.49%)], % EEF [maximum in leaves of Calotropis procera (7.61%)], % P [maximum in the roots of Calligonum polygonoides (0.062%)], % K [maximum in Haloxylon recurvum (4.51%)] and % NFE [maximum in the flower of Capparis decidua (69.46%)]. Secondary metabolites like total phenolic [maximum in the fruits of Ziziphus nummularia (4.12 mg/0.1gm)], Total flavonoids [maximum in stem bark of Ziziphus nummularia (0.48 mg/0.1gm)] and Alkaloids [maximum in Aerva javanica (0.17 mg/0.5gm) were also recorded. Presence of secondary metabolites testified the medicinal role of these selected shrubs.