تاریخ طبری کے ضعیف اورجھوٹے راویوں کی روایات کا تحقیقی جائزہ

History of Tibari is the well-known book of late ‘allama ibne jar┘r ║ibar┘. Its real name is Tar┘kh- ul ’ummam wal Mul┴k. History of ║ibar┘ is considered the comprehensive and encyclopedia for the first three decades and the backbone in the history of Islam. He is considered a great and lofty character especially in the history of Islam, although all the historians of the present as well as of the past take guidance from his book. Inspite of the facts there are also baseless and false quotations written about Su╒┐ba’ kir┐m, explanation of which is not reasonable. As there are present some false, man-made and illogical sayings in Tar┘kh ║ibar┘. Therefore, an explanatory summary is presented of the narrators so that it may be clyster clear that ‘Allama ║ibar┘ is trusty and worthy but his works are the combination of both facts and false.

Characterization and Efficacy of Different Aflatoxin Detoxifying Agents

For numerous decades poultry production has increased to meet the intensified meat demand, although, changes in production practices had significant effect on the progression of health challenges. Consequently, as the production was intensified, there was increase in animal health risk, some of the utmost important health challenges are related to feed quality. The growth of filamentous fungi, aside from its deterioration, notorious because of mycotoxin production, among them aflatoxins are drastically toxic that induces significant economic losses in poultry industry, such as decreased productivity and damages on poultry’s carcass. This research study was focused to explore the detoxifying potential of natural reservoirs for aflatoxin B1. By keeping an eye on diverse potentiating naturally occurring reservoirs, O. corniculata, L. edodes, C. pyrenoidosa, C. tetraglobana and sodium bentonite were selected to use them as detoxifier against aflatoxicosis in broiler chicks. The phytochemical investigation for O. corniculata for its phytochemical constituents revealed the presence of various secondary metabolites including flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, tannins, coumarins, saponins, cardiac glycosides and phlobotannins while anthraquinones were absent. Carbohydrates were present in high concentration in C. tetraglobana, while, L. edodes was found to be rich source of fiber as compared to other selected samples determined by proximate analysis. Numerous techniques were used for characterization each having unique feature like XRD, SEM, TGA, FTIR and LIBS. Experimental aflatoxin production was carried out through fermentation on basmati rice and analyzed by using HPLC. In vivo, aflatoxicosis induction in broiler chicks AFB1 (350 ppb) in basal diet. A 35 days experiment was carried out in which broiler chickens were consuming two levels of L. edodes, C. tetraglobana, O. corniculata, C. pyrenoidosa, and sodium bentonite both with and without dietary aflatoxin. In this study, at weekly intervals, the data were collected and compared as traditional measures of aflatoxicosis (growth rate, feed consumption, FCR). The results of this study demonstrate that supplementation with LE (10%), CT (1%) and CP (500 mg) provided protection against negative effects on growth performance, serum traits, antioxidant status, liver and renal damage induced by AFB1. The current research study explored the selected naturally occurring aflatoxin detoxifiers in a very comprehensive and presented another approach of their biological aspects. These results may be used as foundation or prime study for the production of mycotoxin detoxifiers with least side effects, which not only detoxify the counteracting toxin but also improve nutritional index of broiler diet. Further detailed trials are recommended including animal model and cell lines.