جھکے گا غیر کے در پر تو مار ڈالے گا
مجھے پھر ایسے مرا سر تو مار ڈالے گا
میں ہوں فقیر میں رکھتا ہوں خیر ساتھ اپنے
رہے گا ساتھ مرے شر تو مار ڈالے گا
زلیخا یوسفِ کنعان سے یہ کہنے لگی
تمھارا حسنِ ستم گر تو مار ڈالے گا
مجھے وہ کافی ہے جو کہ مرا مقدر ہے
کسی کا چھینا مقدر تو مار ڈالے گا
ڈرایئے نہ ہمیں حشر کے عذابوں سے
کہ جیتے جی یہ ہمیں ڈر تو مار ڈالے گا
نہیں میں طالبِ دنیا ہوں طالبِ مولا
قسم خدا کی مجھے زر تو مار ڈالے گا
تمھارے اشک نہ تائبؔ تھمے تو دنیا کو
یہ آنسوئوں کا سمندر تو مار ڈالے گا
The government of General Ayub Khan (Former President of Pakistan) established an Institution in 1960, in the name of Idarah Tahqeeqat Islami (Islamic Research Institute). Dr, Fazlur Rahman, was the visiting professor at the institute remained on the rank of director of the year 1961 to 768 in seven years. And later, he serves as an advisor to the Islamic Ideology council. The writer who was published by the Institute of Islamic Research was the first editor of "Fikr-o - Nazar”. The scholars were considered as 'expertise of logic and philosophy' as 'interpretation of the Qur'an'. It is mentioned in the various verses of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). The slaughtering of zakat in 'zakat' animal slaughtering 'basic laws and family planning' matters of marriage and Sunnah, such as the month of revelation, and their opinions have earned great reputation. And because of which they were accused of denying the heavenly nature of the Qur'an. Therefore, the first step towards Islamic thinking regarding the Islamic idea was to put an eye on Islamic law and religious beliefs on Islam. According to their plan, the difference between the Quranic verses and the verses and the laws of the law, is the difference. Regarding the meanings, his axis received: The beginning of the tradition and the meaning of 'the law of the law' is the word and the law. Islamic Laws' Principles Concernedly speaking about issues like Fiqh and Qa'as and al-Azai speak.
Anions play an important role in biology, medicine, catalysis, biomimetic receptors and the environment, but at the same time they are also considered as potentially toxic to human health at elevated concentrations. Particularly, perchlorate, dichromate and fluoride ion are highly persistent in water for decades and their exposure in humans includes ingestion of contamination through drinking water and food. In 1990 US EPA considered perchlorate as toxic material and in 1998 US EPA included perchlorate in Contaminant Candidate List (CCL) with a drinking water level upto 24.5 μg L-1. Dichromate with high solubility in water and oxidation potential exhibits carcinogenic effects on biological systems. The maximum permissible level for dichromate in potable and industrial wastewater is 0.05 mg·L-1. Flouride with concentration of >1.5 mg/L in natural water causes dental and skeletal fluorosis; renal and neuronal disorders Therefore, there is essential need of treatment of wastewater containing hazardous anions from aqueous environment to reduce the health risk. In the field of separation science, the calix[4]arene platform displays interesting organizing properties for the building of various ligating sites to recognize various species including cations, anions and neutral molecules. Our study is concerned with the design and synthesis of different calix[4]arene based materials, efficient for the removal of anions mainly perchlorate, dichromate and flouride ion present in water by optimizing different parameters. In the first part of study, the synthesis of two new calixarene based polymeric resins (Resin-4 and Resin-5) were conducted and characterized by different analytical techniques, i.e. TGA, FT-IR and elemental analyses. The synthesized resins were used for the selective removal of perchlorate. Results showed that the Resin-4 and Resin-5 have perchlorate removal efficiency from aqueous media. The isotherm models, breakthrough curves, kinetic and thermodynamic studies further confirm the experimental results. The maximum adsorption of perchlorate could be achieved at low pH. During the second part of study dichromate adsorption by synthesized compound and resins were carried out. The liquid and solid phase extraction methods have been applied to ascertain the extraction efficiency of both the calix[4]arene derivative and the resin. Analysis of experimental data has been carried out by log-log plot analyses and the determination of characteristic parameters of each isotherm model such as Freundlich, Langmuir and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R). The kinetic and thermodynamic parameters concluded that the resin has good capability to efficiently remove dichromate from aqueous media. Finally the third part of our study demonstrates a comparative equilibrium study of calix[4]arene based chitosan (Resin-3) and Ambelite XAD-4 (Resin-4) towards fluoride ion. In batch experiments different parameters were optimized such as pH, dosage and concentration to evaluate the adsorption efficiency. Maximum % adsorption (i.e 98% and 96 % for Resin-3 and Resin-4 respectively) was observed at pH 8.7 with 50 mg of each resin in 60 minutes time. Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin–Radushkevich (D-R), Temkin and Flory-Huggins equilibrium isotherms were used to validated the experimental data. The results show that Langmiur and D-R isotherms best fit to experimental data for Resin-3 and Resin-4 as compared to other isotherms models. The maximum adsorption capacity of Resin-3 and Resin-4 was observed as 1.0175 mol g-1.and 1.2097 mol g-1, respectively. The results show that the synthesized calixarene based materials have desired properties for the removal of anions from aqueous media as compared to other reported materials. The analytical work will be beneficial in terms of public health safety, laboratory and industrial application.