غیر مسلم كی شہادت كی شرعی حیثیت

vidence of non-Musims in Islamic perspective. It is the responsibility of an Islamic state to ensure justice in all walks of life. Islamic law provides justice to all its citizens, irrespective of their race, colour and religion etc. There is a difference of opinion amongst the jurists as to whether a non-Muslim can be a witness for or against a Muslim or not? As for as the matters of giving evidence in favour of or against each other amongst themselves is concerned, so, majority of the jurists say that of is permissible. This research article deals with this issued opinions of the jurists have been presented with their arguments

Integrated Effect of Chemical Adocument Deficienciesitives and Modified Atmosphere Packaging on Fresh-Cut Papaya Carica Papaya

Current study was conducted in two phases to estimate the effectiveness of different concentrations of calcium lactate, citric acid and ascorbic acid alone (Phase-1) and in integration of modified atmosphere packaging (Phase-II) on the quality and shelf life of fresh-cut papaya cubes. In 1st phase papaya cubes were treated with different concentrations of calcium lactate .citric acid, ascorbic acid at 4oC±2oC and analyzed for different physiochemical characteristics (firmness, color, weight loss, TSS, pH, acidity and organoleptic characteristics) at each four days interval to choose the most effective combination of various concentration. Whereas, in the 2nd phase, best performing concentrations of various additives in 1st phase packed in two different packagings (air packaging and MAP) and analyzed for various physiochemical characteristics (firmness, color, weight loss, pH, acidity, TSS, calcium, Poly phenol oxidase activity, ascorbic acid, total plate count and sensorial attributes) after each four days interval to find out the most effective treatment in extending the self-life of fresh-cut papaya cubes. As a result, in first phase, 2.4% calcium lactate combined with 1.7% citric acid and 2.4% calcium lactate combined with 1.7% ascorbic acid maintained firmness, delayed color degradation and maintained the other characteristics of papaya cubes for longer shelf life. However, in the second phase, 2.4% calcium lactate and 1.7% citric acid integrated with modified atmosphere packaging ( CO2 10%, O2 5%, N2 80%) exhibited the best results to delay color degradation and maintained sensory properties throughout the storage period (24 days) at 4 ±2oC