شاہ عزالدین پھلواروی ندوی
شاہ عزالدین پھلواروی علمی اور دینی حلقوں کے لئے محتاج تعارف نہیں، اپنے مواعظ اور تصانیف کی وجہ سے خاصے معروف ہیں، ابھی چند ہی مہینہ کی تو بات ہے جب انھیں عربی زبان اور اسلامی علوم میں مہارت کی بناء پر حکومت ہند نے اعزاز عطا کیا تھا، اور معارف نے اس سلسلہ میں انھیں مبارکباد دی تھی، کسے معلوم تھا کہ وہ اتنی جلد اس دنیا سے رخصت ہوجائیں گے۔
ادھر کچھ عرصہ سے ان کی صحت مضمحل رہنے لگی تھی، اس لئے انھوں نے سفر ترک کردیئے تھے، لیکن پورنیہ کے کچھ لوگ ان کے بے حد معتقد تھے، ان کی آرزو تھی کہ وہ اپنی تشریف آوری سے انھیں عزت بخشیں اور انھیں اپنے مواعظ سے مستفید فرمائیں، شاہ صاحب نے ناسازی مزاج کا عذر کیا، مگر جب معتقدین کا اصرار جاری رہا تو آمادہ ہوگئے تاکہ ان کے دلوں کو ٹھیس نہ پہنچے، مومن کے دل کو خوش کرنا بڑے ثواب کا باعث ہے، انھیں اس سلسلہ میں آقائے دو جہاںﷺ کی ہدایات یاد تھیں، اس لئے اپنی تکلیف کو نظرانداز کرکے آمادہ سفر ہوگئے، راستہ بخیر گزرا، پورنیہ پہونچ کر بھی ایک آدھ دن طبیعت ٹھیک رہی لیکن پھر ضعف کے ساتھ درد سینہ کی شکایت محسوس ہوتی، جو برابر بڑھتی رہی، جب مقامی دوا دارو سے طبیعت قابو میں نہ آئی، تو لوگ کسی بڑے ڈاکٹر کو بلانے کے لئے شہر گئے، مگر ساری تگ و دو بے کار ثابت ہوئی اور بالآخر وطن سے دور عزیزوں سے مہجوری کے عالم میں جان جان آفریں کے سپرد کردی، نعش پھلواری لائی گئی اور خاندانی قبرستان میں سپردخاک کئے گئے، وہ مجھ سے عمر میں چند سال بڑے تھے، تعلیم میں بھی دو تین درجے آگے تھے، لیکن طلبائے ندوہ کی انجمن الاصلاح میں میرا ان...
Divorce seems to be more socially accepted nowadays and it is the most won issue in the modern world. Divorce in the family always signals dangers and insecurity in the society. Findings have indicated that divorce has negative impact on spouses as well as the development of children in the society, and it leads to number of social problems such as prostitution by young ladies. It will be difficult for a woman to cater for all the basic needs of the child single handedly. It will grow up demoralized. He suffers different types of deprivations including parental love, care and affection. Such children grow up humiliated and heartless. They resort to various crimes such as robbery, rope, arson and other related wrong doings. It is also observed that, divorce has a negative impact on man too, men cannot really make their feelings vocal. The stress involved in the divorce can cause lack of sleep, depression, fatigue and listlessness; a divorce can have numerous psychological implications as well. The methodological approach used in this paper is descriptive, prescriptive and annalistic; meanwhile the method of data collection is historical and empirical.
Traditionally the process of teaching involved three major components, teacher, learner and content. Teachers’ role was to teach the content contained in the text to the learner. Teaching was considered effective when the learner was able to retrieve the information when and where necessary and was able to apply it accurately. Now teaching is known as the systematic process which involves teacher, learner, material and learning environment. Effective teaching is that which enables the learners to incorporate new information into their memories and master new knowledge. This study analyzes the effectiveness of teaching approaches i.e. inductive and deductive for Mathematical concept attainment at elementary level. The major objectives of the study were to analyze the effect of deductive teaching method on students’ concept attainment, to measure the effect of inductive teaching method on students’ mathematical concept attainment and to analyze the comparative effectiveness of inductive and deductive teaching methods on elementary students’ mathematical concepts attainment. All the 7th class students in Federal Government schools of Islamabad were the population of the study. One secondary school was selected through convenience sampling for the study. The independent variable of teaching methodology was manipulated into inductive teaching approach and deductive teaching approach for the experimental and control group respectively. An overall sample of 60 students was taken from the selected school using stratified sampling technique. These 60 students were divided equally into experimental and control groups through random sampling. A pre test – post test control groups design was followed in the study. Twenty five concepts from 7th class textbook were selected keeping in view the representation of sets, algebra and geometry portions. The researcher developed 25 lesson plans each in light of the principles of concept attainment model using inductive and deductive approach to teach the students of experimental and control groups respectively. A researcher-made 100 item academic achievement test, based on 8 tasks paradigm was administered to each group as pre test as well viii as post test. The mean difference between post test and pre test scores was taken as the academic achievement of the students. The results of the study approved that all three groups i.e. low, average and high achievers of experimental group taught through inductive teaching approach performed better than the control group which was taught through deductive teaching method. It is therefore concluded that inductive teaching approach is significantly more effective than deductive teaching approach for concept attainment at elementary level. The major recommendations of the study included that teachers may use inductive teaching method for teaching concepts of mathematics at elementary level. Moreover this methodology should be encouraged at higher grades as well.