جیل سے خط
شاہی قلعہ سے جیل منتقلی کے بعد اگر کسی سیاسی قیدی کو خط لکھنے کی ضرورت پڑتی تو وہ ضرورت سپرنٹنڈنٹ جیل کے ہفتہ وار دورے کے دوران اجازت طلب کرتا ہے سپرنٹنڈنٹ صرف اپنے قریبی عزیز کو خط لکھنے کی اجازت دیتا ۔دورے کے فوراً بعد جیل کا منشی جو عموماً جیل کے پرانے قیدی ہوتے ہیں بھیجا جا تا وہ خط لکھتا ۔اس کے بعد وہ جیل کا کوئی افسر سینسر کرنے کے بعد سپرد ڈاک کر تا ہمیں خط لکھنا تو درکنار کاغذ پنسل رکھنے کی اجازت نہ تھی پھر بھی ہم بال پین کی ریفل چھپا کر رکھتے تھے اور سگریٹ کی پنیوں کو لیٹر پیڈ کے طور پر استعما ل کرتے اور جو ملاقاتی آتے چھپا کر لے جاتے 1985ء جو نیجو حکومت بننے کے بعد لکھنے پڑھنے کی مکمل آزادی مل گئی اس طرح عزیزوں دوستوں کو خط لکھنے لگے ۔پاکستان کی دوسری جیلوں میں مقید سیاسی قیدیوں سے رابطہ آسان ہو گیا ۔حتی کہ میری آسٹریا،ویا نا میں قید اپنے جیالوں یعقوب چینا اور اور مرزا اختر بیگ سے خط و کتابت ہونے لگی ۔خاص خط پھر بھی باہر کسی دوست کے پتے پر منگوائے جاتے جبکہ عام خط جیل کے پتے پر ہی منگوائے جاتے مگر جیل حکام خط کھول کر دیکھتے پھر اس پر سینسر کی مہر لگاتے اوپر خط میں وہ مبہم سی مہر نظرآ تی ۔
خطوط کا مزہ اس وقت آ یا جب پوری دنیا سے تمام سیاسی قیدیوں کو ایمنسٹی انٹر نیشنل کے ممبران کی طرف یک جہتی اور نیک خواہشات کے سینکڑوں ہزاروں کارڈز ملنے شروع ہوئے مغربی ممالک سے آئے ایمنسٹی انٹر نیشنل کے ممبران ان خطوط کا جیل حکام پر بھی بہت اثر ہوا اور بہتر سے بہتر انداز میں پیش آ...
Purpose of the study was to reflect great contributions of Dar ul Uloom Deouband. After the end of Independence War 1857, three factors endangered the Muslims of India religiously and educationally. Firstly, the Christian missionaries who thought that after the political downfall Muslims would convert themselves to Christianity. Secondly, the missionaries were proclaiming blasphemy about Islam and the Holy Prophet Muhammad Sallalaho Alaha Wasalam. In this regard, William Mure wrote a notorious blasphemous book about which Sir Syed said, “Alas! We like to die.” Thirdly, in these circumstances the doubts of Muslims were increasing that Muslim may not be converted to Christianity but it may create hatred from Islamic ideology. Just to cope up with these dangers, various educational movements came into being; one of them is Deouband Movement. As a result of the efforts by Dar ul Uloom Deouband, Muslims were able to save their Din and eman.
A study was carried out to estimate metal pollution lead and cadmium (Pb 2+ and Cd 2+ ) emitting from automobiles and selection of suitable metal indicators which reflect the pollution level in the atmosphere. Two roads i.e. Motorway (M-3) and National Highway (N- 5) were selected for the purpose of study. The dust and plant samples were collected and Pb 2+ and Cd 2+ contents were recorded at five selected sites of M-3 and N-5. The dust and plant samples 50 m away from both roads were kept as reference control while soil control were taken 15 m away due to irrigated field started and analyzed for Pb 2+ and Cd 2+ profile. The maximum Pb 2+ concentration (conc.) i.e. 0.00075 mg g -1 was observed in dust samples of Hojan Town and minimum conc. (0.00016 mg g -1 ) was recorded in Kamalpur Sargodha road. The data collected from N-5 showed maximum Pb 2+ conc. (0.000244 mg g -1 ) at ZIS-textiles and minimum Pb 2+ conc. (0.00042 mg g -1 ) for roadside side dust samples. The maximum Pb 2+ conc. (0.00044 mg g -1 ) was found in roadside soil of Hojan town than that of control (0.00018 mg g -1 ) at M-3 while the high Pb 2+ value (0.0032 mg g -1 ) for roadside soil samples of Sitara valley was followed by conc. (0.00021 mg g -1 ) recorded for Chak. No. 60 Saudagarpur to their respective controls at N-5. All the gas exchange attributes like photosynthetic and transpiration rate, stomatal conductance (g s ), internal Carbon dioxide concentration (C i ), water use efficiency (WUE) of roadside plants on both roads decreased for plants which were growing away from the roadside. A decrease was also estimated in total soluble sugars, total free amino acids and total soluble proteins in all the under study plants on both roads. The Pb 2+ conc. was high in smoke samples of bus and coach at Pindi Bhattian Interchange on M-3 and same conc. was noted at Gutwala interchange at N-5. The C. procera accumulated more Pb 2+ (0.0024 mg g -1 ) in their unwashed leaves while 0.00017 mg g -1 was found in washed leaves however low Pb 2+ conc. was noticed in P. robelenii at M- 3 while at N-5, N. oleander accumulated more Pb 2+ i.e. 0.00186 mg g -1 in their leaves while less accumulation of Pb 2+ (0.0012 mg g -1 ) was noticed in unwashed leaves of P. hysterophorus. The high Cd 2+ contents (0.000024 mg g -1 ) were found in unwashed leaves of C. ciliaris and low conc. (0.000016 mg g -1 ) was recorded in C. procera at M-3 while high deposition of Cd 2+ i.e. 0.00007 mg g -1 was noticed in P. hysterophorus and low Cd 2+ traces (0.00002 mg g -1 ) was measured in unwashed leaves of C. ciliaris at N-5.