سرکاری مناصب و ذرائع کا ذمہ دارانہ استعمال: تعلیمات نبویﷺ کی روشنی میں

Islam is a complete code of life for the humanity. It provides guidance in all aspects of human activity. It guides human being in its economic system, social life, in all worships, in family life and in political set up. State is an institution like others which is a tool for mankind to serve its needs in the best possible ways. Islam does not consider a state designed by Allah and in fact leaves the system open to human intellect, to form a mechanism according to the teachings of the scriptures and needs of the time. The guiding principles of Islam stress on proper utilizations of state machinery and authority to the satisfaction of people and to fulfill dictates of Allah’s directions. Islam forbids utilization of public offices for personal benefits. Islamic traditions instructed that the state officials must learn  from the principle of Islam as exemplified in the state at the city of Medina; it additionaly shaped its characters as well. The present article is an attempt to highlight the teachings of Prophet Muhammad (SAW) that he gave from time to time and ensured its applications letter and spirit.

Integrated Pest Management of Sugarcane Pyrilla, Pyrilla Perpusilla Wlk. Homoptera: Lophopidae in Punjab, Pakistan

The study was conducted on IPM of P. perpusilla, on various sugarcane genotypes, in the research area of Sugarcane Research Institute, AARI, Faisalabad, during 2006 to 2008. Twenty genotypes of sugarcane were tested for their resistance/susceptibility under replicated field trials against P. perpusilla, as a preliminary screening experiment. The most resistant variety, HSF-240 was selected for further experiments after final screening trials. The role of weather in the population fluctuations of the pest was also determined. Various physio-morphic and chemical plant-characters, viz., leaf width, leaf length, leaf spines density, cane length, cane diameter, nitrogen, phosphorus, total minerals, calcium, magnesium, fat, CHO, copper, zinc, POL, Brix, CCS and fiber contents were determined from the selected genotypes with the objective to ascertain the role of these factors, towards the resistance/susceptibility, against the pest, under test. Various control methods, like, cultural (fortnightly hoeing, detrashing of older leaf two times and trash mulching at the time of sowing), biological (release of cocoons of Epiricania melanoleuca @ 2500/ha four times from June 15 to September 15) , chemical (carbofuron @ 35 kg/ha from one month after sowing and coupled with earthing up), were applied singly and in their possible combinations, such as, biological + cultural, biological + chemical, cultural + chemical and cultural + chemical + biological control with the objective to keep the pest population below the economic threshold level and to find the most economical and effective method of control, for communication to the farmers. Application of cultural + chemical + biological controls in combination, resulted in a minimum population of P. perpusilla i.e., 0.32/leaf, whereas cultural methods showed a maximum population of 3.65/leaf, of the pest. The maximum yield, was recorded to be 3415.67 mounds/ha, in those treatments where cultural + chemical + biological control methods, were implicated and the minimum yield of 2214.33 mounds/ha, was observed, in application of cultural method. The application of cultural + chemical + biological control methods resulted in maximum net gain i.e., Rs. 149167/- with a cost-benefit ratio of 9.44 and was found to be the best treatment.