راکی ولسن کا’’مینار محبت‘‘
کائنات میں اشرف المخلوقات ہونے کا شرف صرف انسان کو حاصل ہے تمام مخلوقات میں انسان سب سے زیادہ با اختیار بھی ہے۔احساسات و جذبات بھی سب سے زیادہ انسان ہی رکھتا ہے۔اسی لیے وہ ازل سے اپنے خیالات کا اظہار کرتا آیا ہے۔کبھی آرٹ ،تصاویر،لوک داستانیں اور کبھی شعر وادب کی صورت زبان کا اظہار بہترین ذریعہ ہے۔لفظوں کو ایک خاص انداز میں اپنے خیالات کے اظہار لے لیے استعمال کرنا شاعری ہے۔راکی ولسن نے بھی اپنے خیالات کے اظہار کے لیے خوبصورت الفاظ کا استعمال کیا ہے۔اس لیے اسکی شاعری و خود جذبات کے تحت وجود میں آتی ہے۔
راکی نے رشتو ں ناتوں میں بٹے ہوئے انسان کو اس کی خوشیوں،غموں،امنگوں، آرزوؤں،اْمیدوں،نا امیدوں،رویوں اور ولولوں کو اپنا موضوع بنایا ہے۔اسکی بے ساختہ شاعری فطرت انسانی کی عکاس ہے،وہ موضوعاتی شاعری پر بھی طبع آزمائی کرتے دکھائی دیتے ہیں۔انکی شاعری میں متاثر کرنے کی زبردست صلاحیت موجود ہے۔یہ صلاحیت صدق دل اور خلوص نیت کے بغیر حاصل نہیں ہوتی۔یہ خلوص نیت ان کے مجموعہ کلام ’’مینار محبت‘‘ میں محبت بانٹتے ہوئے دکھائی دیتا ہے۔آپ کے اس مجموعہ کلام اجمالی جائزہ کچھ اس طرح سے ہے۔
اگرچہ شاعر نے شاعری کی روایت سے ہٹ کر اس کتا کو شروع کیا ہے۔مگر اس کے باوجود وہ اپنے پروردگار کو بھولے نہیں۔کہتے ہیں کہ ہر شے میں اس ذات باری تعالیٰ کا جلوہ موجود ہے اسی لیے تو کائنات کی ہر شے اس کی خوبصورتی کو دیکھنا چاہتی ہے،آج راکی صاحب جو کچھ بھی ہیں وہ سب اس ذات کی کرم نوازی کی وجہ سے ممکن ہوا ہے:
حسن فطرت کے مظہر ہے تیری شان وجیہہ
تیری دید کی طالب ہر آنکھ شیدائی ہے
Social media has become a key term in new participatory political discourse. Previous studies argued that youth is least interested in democracies and politics; hence, this study aims to explore the role of social media in increasing political participation among male and female university students. Data was collected from a sample of 340 students, chosen from equal gender proportion of five universities with purposive sampling technique to conduct quantitative survey research. The findings of study revealed a positive relationship between political participation and social media usage of students. It also confirms that majority respondents were using social media for political information but the trend is more popular among the male students as compared to females. Male participants were more involved in discussing politics and posting political content on social media, while females were more active in actionable politics like casting vote. The study concludes that social media is playing a significant role in enhancing political participation among university students and predicts a better future of democracies in social media world as new technology provides the language that young voters understand. It also realized that measures are required to attract female students towards participatory politics in Pakistan. ______
Fifth Generation (5G) is considered to be the future advancements in wireless technology. The ever increasing number of smart network devices may obsolete latest 4G technology for handling bandwidth allocation to a large number of smart devices. To meet with this challenging need, for rapid and efficient data transfer over such devices, requires next generation mobile technology. 5G technology is anticipated to offer appropriate solutions to such issues. High data rates can be achieved by using 5G, however, to make such futuristic technology realistic, is a real challenge. This challenging goal can be achieved by efficient utilization of the bandwidth in allocated spectrum. In this context, Cognitive Radio (CR), is an intelligent radio which has inherent adaptive procedures. It reuses the frequency when primary user is absent and works on principle of dynamic frequency allocation. CR is one of the key enabling technology for 5G networks which allows nodes to evaluate and manage underused licensed channels. It has brought benefits to a CR based 5G cellular networks which include ability to adapt dynamicity of a network, deals with the spectrum scarcity issue and operates in heterogeneous environment. It also provides intelligent solutions and self-governing capabilities to assist 5G key functions especially in smart beamforming. Another promising enabling technology of 5G is massive multiple-input multipleoutput (MIMO). Due to its attributes such as increased spectral and energy efficiency, it is envisaged as a potential technology for fifth generation (5G) wireless communication networks. As already mentioned that radio spectrum has become a scarce resource in wireless communications, hence imposes excessive cost on the high data rate transmission. Several linear and non linear detection techniques such as Zero-Forcing (ZF), Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE), and Vertical Bell-Labs Layered Space Time (VBLAST) have been introduced. The purpose of such schemes is to mitigate the signal detection problems which are based on trade-offs between the bit error rate (BER) performance and computational complexities. The challenge in the design of massive- MIMO systems is developing less complex and efficient detection algorithms. The problem in building a receiver for massive-MIMO is to de-correlate the spatial signatures on the receiver antenna array. In this thesis, firstly, 5G technology, its challenges and proposed solutions are presented. Secondly, CR based 5G technology is investigated with the view to explore both technologies jointly and to present a comprehensive overview which will invigorate new research initiatives in this exciting field. Thirdly, a novel algorithm viz: Hybrid n-Bit Heuristic Assisted-VBLAST (HHAV) to perform an optimum decoding for massive-MIMO, is proposed. This structure is simulated in dynamic Rayleigh fading channel. One of the latest decoding algorithm viz: approximate message passing (AMP) is also evaluated with two threshold functions which include AMP with ternary distribution (AMPT) and AMP with Gaussian distribution (AMPG). Numerical results confirm that proposed HHAV algorithm performs significantly well as compared to the performances of aforementioned detection systems introduced in recent years. Finally, a novel 6G intelligent IOT paradigm is presented to optimize communication channels and process big data intelligently. The enabling technologies and AI based 6G air interface architecture, based on our proposed paradigm are also discussed. The results are evaluated through simulation by comparing our proposed paradigm with 5G-IOT and 5G intelligent IOT. In relation to our proposed concept, simulation results confirm that the performance in terms of effective utilization of channels is significantly improved.