پروفیسر سید ضیاء الحسن ندوی
سخت افسوس ہے کہ پروفیسر سید ضیاء الحسن ندوی ۲۰؍ جنوری ۲۰۰۳ء کو حرکت قلب بند ہو جانے سے وفات پاگئے، اناﷲ وانا الیہ راجعون، وہ دارالعلوم ندۃالعلما کے بڑے لایق اور ہونہار فرزندوں میں تھے، ندوہ سے فراغت کے بعد انہوں نے جدید تعلیم حاصل کی پھر جامعہ ملیہ اسلامیہ کے شعبہ عربی میں لکچرر ہوئے اور ترقی کر کے پروفیسر اور صدر شعبہ ہوئے، اس وقت فیکلٹی آف ہیو مینٹیز اینڈ لینگویجز کے ڈین بھی تھے، جدید اور ماڈرن عربی میں ان کو مکمل دست گاہ تھی، ’’مہجری ادب‘‘ پر ان کی ایک کتاب بھی شایع ہوئی ہے اور بیرون ملک کے جراید و رسائل میں ان کے مضامین بھی چھپتے تھے، عربی زبان پر اچھی قدرت ہی کی وجہ سے انڈین کونسل فارکلچرل ریلیشنس کے سہ ماہی عربی رسالہ ثقافتہ الھند کے اڈیٹر مقرر کیے گئے تھے اور اس کا ایک ضخیم اور شان دار نمبر مولانا سید ابوالحسن علی ندوی پر نکالا تھا۔
مولانا علی میاں اور دارالعلوم ندوۃالعلما سے ان کا بڑا گہرا تعلق تھا، دارالعلوم کے کاموں میں نہایت سرگرم اور پیش پیش رہتے تھے، اس کی مختلف کمیٹیوں کے ممبر بھی تھے، عالمی رابطہ ادب اسلامی کے بھی رکن تھے، اس کے اجلاس میں بڑے شوق اور دلچسپی سے شریک ہوتے تھے اور اس کے لیے متعدد بیرونی ملکوں میں بھی تشریف لے گئے، مولانا سید محمد رابع ندوی ناظم ندوۃالعلما کو ان پر بڑا اعتماد تھا، ان سے اور ان کے چھوٹے بھائی مولانا سید محمد واضح ندوی سے بہت گھلے ملے رہتے تھے، علمی صلاحیتوں کے ساتھ ان میں انتظامی خوبیاں بھی تھی۔
مرحوم بڑے مرنجاں مرنج، وسیع المشرب اور طبعاً شریف اور خوش مزاج تھے، ہر ایک سے خندہ روئی سے ملتے، اپنی نیکی، وضع داری، اخلاص اور علم دوستی کی بنا...
Erick Hobsbawm (d.2012) was a Marxist historian, a professor of history at Birkbeck College, University of London, where he taught till the end of his life. Birkbeck is an evening college where most of the students belong to the working class and continue with studies to improve their educational qualifications. Conscious of the condition of students who attended his lectures after a hard day of physical labour, he devised lectures on the history of Europe to create emancipatory thought. His four books use history as a tool to comprehend present-day Europe. They are titled The Age of Capital, The Age of Industrial Revolution, The Age of Revolution and The Age of Extreme. Besides these four books, he has published a number of papers and essays that attempt to build a new historical consciousness. There are other progressive historians besides Hobsbawm who believe that history can be liberating if it is not written in the service of the rulers of the time. It is also not a static and depressing account of the past but is dynamic and constantly changing. While history tells the story of unjust rulers and the institutions they created, it also reveals how the rulers and their unjust institutions meet their end. The reign of absolute kingship where the king was considered the Viceregal God, brutal military dictatorships, and exploitative economic systems that lasted for centuries with the aim of torturing and subduing the common working people were all destroyed over time, especially when people joined forces and resisted them to gradually establish a just order.
Introduction: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is often an asymptomatic condition one of the leading causes of chronic liver disease and is associated with an increase in cardiovascular morbidity. Being overweight or obese has been positively linked to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in children. There is evidence to show that when detected early, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is reversible primarily upon institution of lifestyle changes targeted at weight reduction.
Establishing the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in overweight and obese Kenyan children would serve as a benchmark for long term monitoring of associated morbidity and guide in public health policies aimed at early screening and intervention.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in overweight and obese children aged between six and eighteen years using liver ultrasonography.
Methodology: A descriptive cross sectional study was carried out in 103 overweight and obese school aged children aged six to eighteen years seeking ambulatory health care services in Nairobi. Consent was obtained from the primary caregivers. A questionnaire was administered to collect information on bio data. Blood pressure readings were taken and plotted in age and gender specific charts and a liver ultrasound was done to assess and grade fatty changes.
Data Analysis: Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS version 11.5 (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA). Categorical variables were analyzed using median (IQR) and summarized using frequency counts and percentages. Chi-square test was used to determine odds ratios for association between presence of fatty liver and other categorical variables using 2x2 tables. All clinically important variables were then included in multiple logistic regression model adjusting for age and sex to find if there was any association with fatty liver. All analyses were two-tailed and P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: A total of 103 children were recruited in the study. The prevalence of fatty liver change was 26.2% (27/103; 95%CI=18.0%-35.8 %). There was no association between sex and fatty liver disease (OR=1.13, p=0.82; 95%CI=0.4-3.2) Obese children were four times more likely to have fatty liver compared to overweight children (OR=4.52 p=0.02, 95%CI=1.4-19.0). Slightly more than a third of the children, 40.8% (n=41) had elevated blood pressure. However, there was no association between elevated blood pressure and fatty liver disease (OR=2.06; p=0.27; 95%CI=0.6-7.6). Older children (13-18 years) were four times more likely to have fatty liver vi