ہم بھی ہوتے ہیں کہ عشاق جہاں ہوتے ہیں
ہم سے آزاد منش اور کہاں ہوتے ہیں
تم نے جانا ہے تو پلکوں پہ ستارے کیوں ہیں
فیصلے ضبط کے یوں سب پہ عیاں ہوتے ہیں
جب تلک سانس ہے اک آس لگی ہے ہمدم
سانس کی ڈور جو ٹوٹے تو زیاں ہوتے ہیں
میں مقید ہوں تری چشم کے ایوانوں میں
حوصلے اڑنے کے بھی مجھ سے کہاں ہوتے ہیں
تم ہو دھڑکن مرے سینے میں مچلتے دل کی
خون میں ایسے جنوں زاد رواں ہوتے ہیں
مال و دولت سے فضاؔ ان کو غرض کچھ بھی نہیں
عشق والوں کے الگ سود و زیاں ہوتے ہیں
This research focused on highlighting the purposes of Islam in achieving peace. This paper explains how Islam is the religion of peace and security for the worlds. Its provisions, legislations and purposes ensured all mankind the right to security and security of all kinds: Psychological security, financial security, social security and other types of security which ensure that humanity can live in peace. This is without any kind of these securities being subjected to any slight aggression, sabotage, deprivation or injustice, and if any of that happens then it would be a manifestation of violence and terrorism that is neither accepted nor recognized by Islam which is the religion of peace. The research has shown that Islam has preceded all international laws and norms with respect to the legalization of human rights in peace and war times alike and the sanctioning of those who violate them in this world and in the Hereafter. This is done with supporting evidence from the Quran, the Sunnah, the work of the leaders of Muslim Ummah throughout the Islamic centuries, and the testimonies of non-Muslims who have lived the mercy of Islam and come to know the observance of Islam of human rights. The aims of the research are: To demonstrate the legitimate purposes that Islam has brought to preserve human dignity and security. To show the precedence and superiority of Islamic law in the field of human rights care. To highlight the rich Islamic heritage of human values and civilization through the rules of humanitarian dealing in Islamic jurisprudence in war and peace, and the contributions of the purposes of the Sharia in the development of rules for the preservation of rights and freedoms.
Rosa centifolia is one of the famous oil producing species of roses, used to extract oil and other products. The present study was performed at Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad (Pakistan) to evaluate the morphological and genetic diversity among different genotypes of Rosa centifolia taken from Pakistan and USA and to develop an in vitro propagation protocol for mass production of healthy plants round the year. For study morphological diversity 24 plant, leaf and flower parameters were selected from (UPOV) plant descriptor. Data of these parameters from 8 genotypes of Rosa centifolia found in 8 districts of Punjab, Pakistan and 8 genotypes found in USA was collected according to the descriptor. Young unopened leaves of these genotypes were collected for DNA extraction through CTAB method, which was used for genetic analysis by SSR markers. For in vitro propagation of Rosa centifolia young axillary buds were used as explant. Different concentrations of BAP (0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 μM) and Kinetin (0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 μM) alone and in combination were used for shoot formation. For root induction various concentrations of IBA (0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 μM) and NAA (0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 μM) were used. Statistical analysis was performed on the data by using SAS statistical analysis (Version 9.3) software. Principle component analysis was used to indicate the morphological diversity among 8 genotypes of Rosa centifolia in Pakistan and 8 from USA. It showed the highest phenotypic diversity between Sargodha and Sheikhupura genotypes while maximum similarity was observed between Pattoki and Faisalabad genotypes. Among 8 genotypes of Rosa centifolia from USA, maximum phenotypic association was noticed within Fantin- Latour and Rosa de Meaux while maximum diversity was between Cabbage rose 2 and Paul Ricault. During studying genetic diversity by using SSR markers genetic similarity was observed among the genotypes of one district but genotype of different districts expressed genetic diversity, which was maximum between Kahror Pakka and Pattoki genotypes but minimum between Faisalabad and Sheikhupura genotypes from Pakistan. Rosa centifolia of Pakistan and Cabbage rose 2 of USA were in the same group, which reflect genetic relationship between them. During comparison of Rosa centifolia with Rosa damascena, Pakistani genotypes of Rosa centifolia were genetically more closer to Rosa damascena genotype from Isfahan (Iran) and Pattoki (Pakistan). Rosa damascena Faisalabad was in separate group than other Rosa damascena genotypes and showed closer genetic association with Rose de Meaux and Gros Choux d’Hollande. During in vitro propagation of Rosa centifolia BAP at 0.4 μM along with 0.2 μM of Kinetin produced shoots with minimum number of days (10.20). BAP at concentration of 0.2 μM proved as prominent by producing maximum number of shoots (1.93) while 0.2 μM BAP in combination with 0.2 μM Kinetin produced shoots with maximum shoot length (5.55 cm). MS media supplemented with higher concentration (0.4 μM and 0.6 μM) of BAP along with 0.2 μM Kinetin first produced callus on the explants and after few days it also produced the shoots. In case of root induction 0.4 μM IBA proved excellent and produced roots with minimum number of days (10.07), maximum number of roots (2.47) and maximum root length (4.21 cm).