Utilization of Fad Distribution in South Buton Waters As a Fishing App by Purse Sein Fishermen in Kadatua District, Selatan Buton Regency

Fish Aggregating Devices (FAD's) have long been used by fishermen in South Buton Regency. This study aims to determine the utilization of FAD distribution as a fishing aid by purse sein vessels in the waters of Kadatua District, South Buton Regency. This study aims to determine the utilization of FAD distribution as a fishing tool by purse sein vessels in Kadatua District, South Buton Regency. Data collection methods include FAD point data taken from GPS (Global Position System) fishermen and dominant catch data from purse sein fishermen. The results of the study obtained data on the distribution of FADs in Kadatua District spread between a distance of 0-12 miles, during the study the coordinates of FADs were obtained as many as 79 coordinate points owned by fishermen in Kadatua District. FADs used by purse sein fishermen to carry out fishing operations have 24 FAD points, which are spread over a distance of 0 – 12 miles. In April the distribution of FADs used as fishing aids by purse sein vessels was at a distance of ± 0 – 12 miles, while in May and June FADs used as fishing aids were at a distance of ± 2 – 12 miles. The dominant fish catch data for purse sein fishermen is 690 kg in April, 525 kg in May and 735 kg in June. The dominant catch during the study was dominated by scad fish (Decapterus spp). The level of effectiveness of the dominant catch of purse sein fishermen is highest at a distance of 4-12 miles with a total catch of 1,070 kg of the total catch of 1,950 kg.

Development of Re Technology Management Framework for Pakistan

Renewable energies are an option for Pakistan to fulfil her energy needs, realize developmental goals and overcome environmental issues. Previous efforts to develop these in the country remained short of expectations; therefore, Pakistan fell behind in use of these technologies. It has necessitated a quick, cost-effective and ingenious management of all future deployments. So that, Pakistan not only covers up her past deficiencies; but also benefits in future. In this research work Pakistan’s energy needs are analyzed; possible contributions of renewables are determined; deep understanding of different commercially mature RE technologies is developed; the technologies are ranked in suitability order; success stories of China, India and other countries are reviewed; in-country current status and past efforts are analyzed; and a strategic and technological framework for future has been proposed. Determination of suitable technologies for Pakistan is original and central in this work. Suitability was determined by assessing eleven fully mature and commercially available technologies, using Multi Criteria Decision Analysis technique. Two decision matrices were drawn for centralized as well as distributed deployment options. Each matrix used detailed assessment criteria, based on 106 variables, to rank the technologies for utility-scale and small deployments in Pakistan. First five technologies suitable for utility-scale deployment are; small hydro, solar PV, bio ethanol (from molasses), biomass combustion (sugarcane bagasse), and wind. In small-scale deployment first five technologies are; biogas, small hydro, solar PV, solar water heating and wind. Based on potential of renewables in Pakistan, realistic analysis of Pakistan’s past performance, learning from mistakes and successful experiences of others countries (especially, China and India); a framework is outlined based on the technologies ranked suitable for Pakistan. This includes the conceptual approach, objectives to be achieved, policy instruments, implementation strategy, recommendations to overcome existing barriers and other essentials. The framework addresses both deployment modes of renewables. This research work is expected to be useful in decision and policy making for future deployments of RE technologies in Pakistan.