سیرت طیبہ میں بلدیاتی نظام (میونسپلٹی) اور بنیادی عوامی سہولیات کے خدوخال

This study examines the community services and facilities provided seeking for, (صلى الله عليه وسلم) Prophet Holy of life the in Madinah of State the in guidance in the social development of community by fulfilling the basic needs of citizens in the modern-day. By declaring Medina a first Muslim state, the Holy Prophet (ﷺ) rendered invaluable services for the betterment of his people. He stressed upon providing fundamental rights of the human beings. The focus of this article is to shed light upon the ways of providing the most important needs of the citizens, which have been insured in the state of Madīnah, especially but not limited to those of a Muslim community. Nonetheless, it further elaborates how a civil government can provide the basic infrastructure, development of roads, religion abodes, supplying clean water, and promotion of peace and harmony among the people, and the rights of minorities in the light of Sīrat-e-Ṭayyibah. The method used in this article is descriptive and analytical study of the relevant Aḥādith, and building arguments on it. This study concluded State the in municipality the of foundations the led (صلى الله عليه وسلم) Prophet Holy that of Madīnah, and the basic needs of food, shelter, clean water. It ensured a peaceful society. Moreover, it is suggested that these aspects and teachings of Sīrat should be blazoned widespread to pave the way for social development, peace and harmony.

Evaluation of Nuclear Reaction Cross Sections for the Production of Radioisotopes of Yttrium for Medical Application

Evaluation of nuclear reaction cross section data was performed for the production of radionuclides of yttrium i.e. 86,87,88Y for medical applications via charhged particle induced reactions on different targets of 86.87,88Sr, 85Rb and natZr. Nuclear reaction cross sections for the production of these radionuclides were also measured experimentally via deuteron induced reaction on natural zirconium target up to 50 MeV beam energy by stack foil activation technique followed by gamma ray spectroscopy at Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, USA. A comprehensive analysis of all the experimental data obtained during actual experiment, EXFOR database and literature was done. The nuclear model calculations were performed by using nuclear model codes i.e. ALICE-IPPE, TALYS 1.6 and EMPIRE to check the reliability and consistency of experimental data. The recommended cross sections were generated based on our evaluation methodology. Yield of each radionuclide was calculated from the recommended cross sections. Medical applications of these radionuclides demand that they should be in a pure form, free from any radionuclidic impurity. So analysis of radionuclidic impurities associated with each reaction was performed based on our recommended cross sections and TALYS calculations. The recommended cross sections, yield and accompanying impurities are used for optimization of different charged particle induced reactions for the production of 86,87,88Y.