Analyzing the Impact of Lady Health Worker Program on Utilization of Maternal Health Services in Community With a Lady Health Worker in Sindh Province

The study aims to analyze impact of Lady Health Worker program on use of maternal health services in community with a lady health worker. The main focus was the rural districts of Sindh for this case study. The maternal health service is determined by at least four Antenatal care (ANC) visits provided to mother and receipt of at least two Tetanus Toxoid (TT) injections to mother during pregnancy. These have direct impact on maternal mortality rate and infant mortality rate. Secondary data pertaining to all districts of Sind for three years (2017-2019) was collected from the Sindh Lady Health Worker program office Hyderabad for analysis purpose. Further secondary data of Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (2017-18) was also used to see the impact of intervention of LHW program implemented by Ministry of Health Pakistan in 1994 and then devolved to provinces after the implementation of 18th Constitutional Amendment in 2010. The study found that the services provided by the lady health workers in communities in these districts has positively influenced the uptake of maternal health services as determined by the variables like antenatal visits by pregnant mothers to nearest health facilities and receipt of Tetanus Toxoid injection during pregnancy.

Hermitian Geometry of Twistor Spaces

In the present thesis we investigate the almost Hermitian geometry of the twistor spaces of oriented Riemannian 4-manifolds. Holomorphic and orthogonal bisectional curvatures have been intensively explored on K ̈hler manifolds and a lot of important results have been obtained in this case. a But in the non-K ̈hler case these curvatures are not very well studied and it seems a that the main reason for that is the lack of interesting examples. The first part of the thesis is devoted to the study of the curvature properties of Atiyah-Hitchin- Singer and Eells-Salamon almost Hermitian structures. This is used to provide some interesting examples of almost Hermitian 6-manifolds of constant or strictly positive holomorphic, Hermitian and orthogonal bisectional curvatures. In the second part of the thesis we determine the Gray-Hervella classes of the so-called compatible almost Hermitian structures on the twistor spaces, recently in- troduced by G. Deschamps . The interest in determining these classes is motivated by the fact that the Gray-Hervella classification is a very useful tool in studying almost complex manifolds. Our results in this direction generalize the well known integrabil- ity theorems by Atiyah-Hitchin-Singer, Eells-Salamon and Deschamps and show that there is a close relation between the properties of the spectrum of the anti-self-dual Weyl tensor of an almost K ̈hler 4-manifold and the almost Hermitian geometry of a its twistor space.