پروفیسر گیان چند جین
پروفیسر گیان چند جین کی وفات اردو دنیا کا بڑا سانحہ ہے، وہ اردو کے صف اول کے ادیب، محقق اور ماہر لسانیات تھے، ان کا انتقال ۱۷؍ اگست ۲۰۰۷ء کو امریکہ میں ہوا، وہ ۱۹؍ دسمبر ۱۹۲۳ء کو ضلع بجنور کے سیو ہارہ قصبے میں پیدا ہوئے تھے، یہیں اور مراد آباد میں ابتدائی تعلیم ہوئی، پھر وہاں سے حصول تعلیم کے لیے آگرہ گئے اور ۱۹۴۵ء میں الٰہ آباد یونیورسٹی سے فرسٹ ڈویژن اور فرسٹ پوزیشن میں ایم، اے پاس کیا، ۱۹۴۷ء میں ان کے تحقیقی مقالے ’’اردو کی نثری داستانیں‘‘ پر انہیں پی ایچ ڈی کی تفویض کی گئی۔
۱۹۵۰ء میں انگریزی روزنامہ ’’پانیئر‘‘ کے معاون مدیر ہوئے لیکن اسی سال جولائی میں حمیدیہ کالج بھوپال میں اردو لکچرر کی حیثیت سے ان کا تقرر ہوا جس کے بعد وہ مدۃ العمر درس و تدریس ہی کی خدمت انجام دیتے رہے اور ایک لائق اور نیک نام استاد کی حیثیت سے شہرت پائی، انہوں نے ملک کی مختلف یونیورسٹیوں بھوپال، حیدرآباد، الٰہ آباد اور جموں وغیرہ میں پروفیسر اور صدر شعبہ اردو کی حیثیت سے خدمت انجام دی، سبکدوش ہونے کے بعد حیدرآباد اور لکھنو یونیورسٹی میں یوجی سی فیلو ایمیریٹس کی حیثیت سے ان کی خدمات سے فائدہ اٹھایا گیا، لکھنو اندرا نگر میں بودوباش اختیار کرلی تھی، اسی زمانے میں اپنے بعض تحقیقی کاموں کے سلسلے میں مجھے بھی خطوط لکھے تھے، ایک گرامی نامے میں یہ دریافت کیا تھا کہ مولانا عبدالسلام ندوی مرحوم کی کتاب ’’شعرالہند‘‘ پہلی مرتبہ کب شائع ہوئی تھی، یہاں جب ان کی طبیعت زیادہ خراب رہنے لگی تو وہ امریکہ چلے گئے تھے۔ جہاں ان کے بیٹے اور بیٹی رہتی تھیں۔
جین صاحب نے قلم و قرطاس سے ہمیشہ سروکار رکھا، امریکہ جانے کے بعد بھی ان کے مضامین اور تحریریں...
In the contemporary world whereas the family life is facing so many problems rather there is most important issue and that is the family life which is breaking rapidly. From the last two decades the trend of broken families has grown up to a dangerous level. This situation creates many problems for divorced women in Pakistan. Whereas the social problems are full of countless bitters for women and her families and the legislative problems are full of economical, social, physical, psychological and emotional stress. This situation becomes unforgettable and the worst tragedy of life. The struggle of divorcee for survival their rights becomes an uncompensated sin or crime which is an extremely painful process. In this paper the legislative problems of divorced women will be presented according to the statistics which have been collected from the divorced women.
Background: Caustic Substance Ingestion (CSI) is still one of the significant problems more likely in developing countries, as an incidence of more than 200,000 of caustic exposures has been reported in National Poison Data System at 2008. The incidence of oesophageal caustic stricture is about 10 to 30 % after CSI worldwide. Aim: This study aimed to find out the demographic characteristics of CSI and its outcome. Moreover, this study will determine the outcome of the oesophageal caustic stricture and its interventional procedures among children at FMIC, Kabul, Afghanistan. Methodology: Retrospective case series study design was conducted at French Medical Institute for Mothers and Children, Kabul, Afghanistan. Records of patients admitted at surgical department from 2010-2016 with history of caustic substance ingestion reviewed and total of 63 patients based on inclusion and exclusion criteria enrolled in the study. Chi square test, t-test and co-relation was run to find out the associations. Result: Out of all 63 patients, 36.5% (23 patients) were male and 63.5% (40 patients) were female. The oldest patient was 14 years old and the youngest one was 1-year-old with the mean age of 4.36+ 3.101. About 57.1% were from North West of Afghanistan which the majority of them were from Balkh province. The second highest number of these patients were from Kabul province 25.4%, and 7 % of these patients were from the west of Afghanistan all from Herat and 6.3% were from the south east. CSI in 2 of cases it has been recorded as acid ingestion who was also accompanied with pyloric stenosis and the majority of cases (71.9%) were alkali which is mostly used as whitening liquid (Vitex) for clothes. But families could not describe the type of ingested material in 23.4% of cases so it has been recorded under the name of caustic agent.XV In 15 patients (23%) dilatation was not successful as patients got complicated that 9 was failed, in 6 cases dilatation was done but then in 1 of these patients developed pneumomedistinitis and 5 of them developed pneumothorax during first 24 hours post dilatation which then underwent of gastrostomy or gastrostomy+ oesophagoplasty. After cross tabulation of gender, the P- value of gender and complications stayed 0.006 which is highly significant, showing association, meaning that most of our female patients got complicated. The mean frequency of dilatation of different gender showed P- value = 0.06, which is again highly significant.