آداب الحوار في القرآن الكريم والسنة النبوية صلى الله عليه وسلم

Human beings are innately filled with prejudices and biases. Interaction of these biases and building alternative views involve dexterous efforts. The dialogue approach could be thought of as positive disposition to others which encourages the virtues of neighborliness, friendship and mutual trust and caring. The current paper discusses the importance of dialogue in every field of life, if there is any misunderstanding or controversies among individuals, communities, societies, and religions. Islam has emphasized on the dialogue for resolving the misconceptions. The present study defines dialogue literally and technically by denoting its legitimacy from primary sources of the Islamic Law. The present study mani-fests the differences of several terms relevant to dialogue such as Jidal and Munazarah. It also denotes some illustrations of dialogue from the Holy Qur’an and Ahadith of the Holy Prophet (PBUH).  The main focus of the article is on the ethics of dialogue in the light of Qur’an and Sunnah including the conditions and qualifications of a person, who is capable for dialogue in accordance attributes prescribes by Shari‘ah. The conversation must be in a good environment and usage of the words, phrases, and statements have much more importance in the success of a perfect dialogue. The research concludes that an expert and competent person should be selected for such dialogues and recommends that such scholars should be trained in developing strong communication and debating skills in every situation.

A Comprehensive Study of De Novo Genome Assemblers: Current Challenges and Future Prospective

Current advancements in next generation sequencing technology have made possible to sequence whole genome but assembling a large number of short reads is still a big challenge. In this article, we present the comparative study of seven assemblers namely ABySS, Velvet, Edena, SGA, Ray, SSAKE and Perga, using seven paired-end and eight single-end prokaryotic datasets from Illumina platform. Results showed that in case of single-end datasets, Velvet and ABySS outperformed all seven assemblers with comparatively low assembling time and high genome fraction. The Velvet consumed the least amount of memory than any other assembler. In case of paired-end datasets, Velvet consumed least amount of time and produced high genome fraction after ABySS and Ray. In term of low memory usage, SGA and Edena outperformed all seven assemblers. The Ray also showed good genome fraction, however extremely high assembling time consumed by the Ray might make it prohibitively slow on larger datasets of single and paired-end data. Our study would provide assistance to the biologists and bioinformaticians for selecting the suitable assembler according to their datasets. This will also help the developers to upgrade or develop a new assembler for de novo assembling.