مولوی حاجی سر رحیم بخش مرحوم
مولوی حاجی سر رحیم بخش مرحوم نے اس مہینہ ۴؍مئی ۱۹۳۵ء کو اسّی برس کے قریب عمر پاکر اپنے وطن ٹھسکہ میرانجی ضلع کرنال میں وفات پائی، انہوں نے اسکول کے ایک معمولی مدرس عربی و فارسی کی حیثیت سے ملازمت شروع کی اور ترقی کرکے چیفس کالج لاہور کے بورڈنگ کے سپرنٹنڈنٹ مقرر ہوئے، یہیں موجودہ ہزہائنس نواب صاحب بھاول پور کے والد مرحوم زیر تعلیم تھے اور ان کی نگرانی میں تھے، ممدوح الشان جب مسند نشین ہوئے تو اپنے لائق اتالیق کی دیانت و محنت و جفاکشی کو دیکھ کر اپنی سرکار میں ایک اعلیٰ عہدہ پر رکھ لیا، یہاں بھی انہوں نے خوبی سے کام انجام دیا، جس کی وجہ سے سرکار برطانیہ اور سرکار بھاول پور دونوں کو ان پر برابر کا اعتبار ہوگیا، اس لئے نواب ممدوح کی وفات اور نواب حال کی نابالغی میں وہ مجلس نیابت کے صدر مقرر ہوئے اور بڑی عزت و ہر دلعزیزی حاصل کی، اس کے بعد ریاست سے پنشن پائی اور قومی و ملکی کاموں میں مصروف رہنے لگے۔
غربت سے امارت اور معمولی درجہ سے اعلیٰ رتبہ تک ترقی کی مثالیں دنیا میں کم نہیں، لیکن ایسی مثالیں کہ ادنی سے اعلیٰ مرتبہ تک پہنچنے کے بعد بھی اس کو اپنی پہلی حالت فراموش نہ ہو اور اس نعمت کے شکرانے میں دینی و قومی خدمات میں انہماکِ زندگی کا فرض قرار پاجائے، بہت کم ہیں، مرحوم کی سب سے بڑی خوبی یہی تھی، ندوۃ العلماء کے بھاول پور میں جو کامیابی ہوئی، وہ تمامتر مرحوم ہی کے اخلاص کا نتیجہ تھی، ندوۃ العلماء کو ارکان نے ان کی ان خدمات کی قدر پہچان کر ان کو سرپرست و حامی ندوۃ العلماء کا منصب دیا تھا، اخیر زمانہ میں انہوں نے تبلیغی کاموں میں دلچسپی لی اور...
This research article is based upon critical analysis of D.S Margoliouth’s indictment regarding pious lineage “Nasb e Muṭahharra”. Generally Orientalists have tried to affect the image of the Prophet Muḥammad (s.a.w) and prevailed uncertainties. It affects a large number of Muslim Scholars, intellectuals and youngsters because Orientals’ are well aware that Muslims cannot be defeated in battle-fields unless they are defeated in the field of faith and ideology. Our aim is to protect less aware Muslims, intellectuals and youngsters form the pseudo and grimy views of the Orientalists. Like other prejudice Orientalists D.S. Margoliouth have also indictments regarding lineage (Nasb e Muṭahharra) in his book “Muḥammad and The Rise of Islam”. Margoliouth argue with texts of Qur’ān and Ḥadith, without having any relation with the passage, to identify the essence of his ill well, hatred and prejudice with in the eyes of Muslims and common readers at large. This article concern five allegations of D.S. Margoliouth on the lineage “Nasb e Muṭahharra” and concludes that he failed to maintain his objectivity in the description of lineage “Nasb e Muṭahharra”.
Seeds are vulnerable to loss of germination and vigor as well as insect and fugal attack during storage. High seed moisture contents (SMC) accelerates seed deterioration, so maintenance of seed dryness through hermetic packaging (The Dry Chain) may prevent these storage losses. Sun dried seeds of maize, wheat, quinoa, cotton, rice and okra were stored in traditional porous storage bags (paper, woven polypropylene, jute and cloth) and hermetic plastic bags (Super Bags) for 18 months. Seed storage in hermetic bag maintained high seed germination by preserving high starch, protein, total soluble sugar contents and α-amylase activity and low reducing sugars, seed leachate’s electrical conductivity (EC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in all crop seeds. In second experiment, seeds were dried to 8, 10, 12 and 14% initial seed moisture content (SMC) and were stored in traditional and hermetic bags for 18 months. Seed storage in Super Bag at 8 and 10% initial SMC maintained low seed moisture and higher germination. Moreover, starch, protein, total soluble sugars and α-amylase activity were higher while EC, reducing sugars and MDA contents were low for the seeds stored in Super bag at 8 and 10% initial SMC. Seed moisture adsorption isotherms were also developed for seeds stored in various bags by incubating the seeds at four different levels of RH (60, 70, 80 and 90%) and a nearly straight lines moisture adsorption isotherms were found for all seeds stored in Super bag with a slight increase in seed moisture at higher levels of RH (80 and 90%) while in rest all traditional bags seed moisture increased with increasing RH. In another study, insect and fugal activities and seed deterioration were monitored in maize and wheat seeds stored at 8, 10, 12 and 14% initial SMC by introducing 30 larvae of Khapra beetle (Trogoderma granarium) and 30 adults of lesser grain borer (Rhizopertha dominica) separately into each type of bag. Insect populations were lower in both maize and wheat seeds stored in Super Bags at 8 and 10% SMC, while seeds stored in all other storage bags had very high insect populations irrespective of the initial SMC. Seed storage in Super Bags at 8 and 10% SMC also maintained seed germination percentages and starch and crude protein contents. Malondialdehydes, aflatoxins B1 and G2 were present at higher amounts in seeds at 14% SMC in Super Bags and in all traditional storage bags, while seeds stored in Super Bags at 8 and 10% SMC had lower values of these compounds. In conclusion, insect populations, storage losses and deterioration of seed quality with respect to germination, loss of food reserves and increased aflatoxin contamination were highly related to seed moisture contents. Maintaining the Dry Chain through hermetic storage of seeds in Super bag at 8 and 10% SMC resulted in better storage of crop seeds.