آغا شورش کاشمیری
مولانا محمد میاں کے ماتم میں ابھی اشک غم دیدۂ پُرنم میں خشک بھی نہیں ہوئے تھے کہ اچانک لاہور سے آغا شورش کاشمیری کے انتقال پرملال کی خبرملی اورجی دھک سے ہوکررہ گیا۔اردو صحافت و جزنلزم کی تاریخ میں دبستان ظفر علی خاں نے پنجاب میں ارباب قلم اوراصحاب شعرو ادب کی جو ایک نہایت عظیم الشان اور نامور نسل پیداکی ہے، مرحوم اس کے گل سرسبد تھے۔نوعمری میں ہی قومی اور ملی تحریکات میں سرگرمی اورجوش کے ساتھ عملاً شریک ہوجانے کے باعث تعلیم کبھی ڈھنگ سے نہیں پائی اورنہ اس کی تکمیل کی لیکن تحریر وتقریر کاملکہ خداداد تھا، مولانا ظفر علی خاں،سید عطاء اﷲ شاہ بخاری اوردوسرے زعمائے مجلس احرار نے اس کو جلا دی، نتیجہ یہ ہوا کہ اردوزبان کے منفرد صحافی،ادیب،بلندپایہ زودگوشاعر اورشعلہ بیان خطیب و مقرر بن گئے۔ان کو نثرونظم دونوں پربلا کی قدرت تھی اوردونوں میں خطابت کا رنگ جھلکتاتھا، اس اعتبار سے ان کے عبقری ہونے میں کوئی شبہ نہیں ہے۔ ان اوصاف وکمالات کے ساتھ اگر ان میں مصلحت پسندی بھی ہوتی توان کے لیے کیا کچھ نہیں تھا لیکن انھوں نے اصحاب دارورسن کی راہ اختیار کی اوراس جوش وجذبہ کے ساتھ کہ عمرعزیز کاایک بڑاحصہ قیدوبند میں گزارنا پڑا۔ابھی چند ماہ پہلے اُن کامحبت نامہ جواڈیٹر برہان کے نام آیاتھا اس میں بڑی حسرت سے لکھا تھا:’’اس قید وبندنے مجھے کہیں کا نہیں رکھا اورمجھ میں کچھ نہیں رہا، تمناہے کہ زندگی میں ایک بار آپ کواوردیکھ لوں۔‘‘کیاخبر تھی کہ مرحوم کایہ آخری خط ہے، ورنہ اس کے جواب میں مکتوب الیہ خودلاہور پہنچنے کی کوشش کرتا۔یہ عجب شرط دوستی ووفاداری ہے اے دوست کہ ادھریہ تمنا اورادھر یہ بے رخی کہ
جاتے ہوئے کہتے ہو قیامت کو ملیں گے
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مولانا ابوالکلام آزاداور مولانا حفظ...
A family is the fundamental unit of society. Every society has the presence of a family. The start of a family's life is entirely dependent on matters of co. human relations. All such human relationships are entrenched in islamic sharia as a sacred bond of nikah, in which a husband and wife become a part of the world in the form of a family's collective result. Husband and wife are the most fundamental pillars of society, and their affection and companionship provides a source of stability for them and also a refuge for coming generations.A family consist of husband ,wife and their children . The family life is begins with marriage, after marriage every woman wants to have her own separate home where all the requirements of privacy are met. Islam has placed the entire responsibility of livelihood on men..But in our society there are two types of family system joint and separate family system. In Pakistan The joint family system is prevalent. The people of the subcontinent are not only adopting this system but they are also feel proud of it . In the present article the joint family system has facing many challenges. One of them is accommodation. In this article will focus on what is the basic concept of accommodation in joint family systems and its solution in Islami teachings. It is critical for the husband and wife to have a home where no one can interfere on their personal matters. This interference is very much in our society.Which husband and wife facing many problems. And due to this conditions, the relationship of husband and wife is also affected.
Key Words: Joint family system, Issues of Accommodation, Pakistani society, Islamic teachings.
The applications of macromolecules are widespread in the modern world and their utilities keep on increasing. Several significant developments in the field of polymeric materials engaged transfer of advantageous characteristics via control of polymer architecture. The interest in hyperbranched polymers (HBPs) stems from the ability to manipulate polymer composition to impart a particular set of traits. This basic research work on HBPs was driven by curiosity and charisma of these extremely elegant and intricate architectures. The present thesis aimed to fabricate HBPs in a one-pot method using new monomers synthesized in this work. All the newly synthesized monomers were subjected to FTIR, 1H, 13 C NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The next goal was to utilize commercially available monomers in the facile synthesis to different families of HBPs. The reactions were stopped before gelation by the optimization of polymerization conditions. A three pronged strategy to HBP was pursued and in each specific strategy AB2, A2 + B3 and 2A2 + CBB′, the shell chemistry of the HBPs was employed to tailor desirable properties. Initially, a novel AB2 monomer, 6-hydroxy-2,4-bis(4′-nitrobenzamide)pyrimidine (NAL), was synthesized and successfully polymerized to hyperbranched polyamide-ethers (HBPAEs), which was subsequently end modified. Afterward, new trifunctional monomers, 1,3,5-tris(4''-hydroxyphenylcarbamoyl)benzene (THPCB), 1,3,5-tris(3'',4''- carboxyphenyl)benzene trianhydride (TAn), and 1,3,5-tris(4′- aminophenylcarbamoyl)benzene (TAPCB) were designed, synthesized and efficiently polymerized to hyperbranched polyamide-esters (HBPAE), hyperbranched polyester- imides (HBPEI) and hyperbranched polyamides (HBPAs) respectively, via the polymerization of A2 and B3 monomers without gelation. In these cases a dilute A2 solution was added slowly to a dilute B3 solution to prepare HB samples in the absence of gelation. A new 2A2 + CBB′ approach was undertaken where an A2C dimer was formed initially which can be considered as a new A2B type of monomer. Further reaction among A2C molecules resulted in the formation of hyperbranched polyamide-esters (HBPAEs) containing pyrimidine moieties. Complete structural 1 elucidation of the ensuing HBPs was carried out using FTIR, H and i 13 C NMR spectroscopic analyses. Additionally, all the prepared HBPs were characterized for qualitative solubility test, inherent viscosity, molar mass, thermal stability, glass transition temperature (Tg) and crystallinity. Structure-property correlations were established and it was observed that properties depended on end functionality. The degree of branching (DB) determined for HBPs based on the 2A2 + CBB′ approach was found to be >60 % and 41-56 % for the AB2 and A2 + B3 systems. Molar masses were determined using GPC which showed that the prepared HBPs had moderate Mw values. Thermal analyses for different HBPs systems showed that aliphatic HBPs were less thermally stable and had values of Tg lower than aromatic ones. HBPs contain a distinct multiplicity of peripheral functionalities which offer sites for additional chemical modification or as templates for non-covalent intermolecular interactions. Modification of the end groups in the prepared HBPs was carried out using different modifiers and complete modification was achieved proving that reactive terminal functionalities were easily accessible. The modified polymers displayed good solubility in different organic solvents. The properties of HB systems were compared with their linear analogues based on the same backbone structure. Accordingly, solution viscosity measurements exhibited that HBPs had lower solution viscosity, enhanced solubility and predominantly amorphous character compared to their linear analogues of comparable molar masses. Tg evaluation of HBP samples of different systems were carried out and showed that our HB systems demonstrated a lower Tg than their linear counterparts. Intermolecular hydrogen bonding between pyrimidine nitrogens and the amide NH groups of adjacent molecules provided the basis for material uniqueness. In addition, pyrimidine moieties played a vital role in producing outstanding thermal properties of HBPs; therefore, pyrimidine rings influenced the structural and material characteristics of these HBPs. Future prospects and potential applications of these HBPs are also envisaged.