ابن ہمام اور ان کی کتاب فتح القدیر کا تعارف و منہج

Fath ul Qadeer is one of the most comprehensive and well organized works in the Hanafi School of thought. Full name of this book is Fath ul Qadeer Lel ‘Aajez el Faqeer. It is a commentary and illustration of Hedaya, the most popular and authentic book in Islamic jurisprudence and in Islamic schools of thought. It is compendium of Islamic knowledge with a discussion on various subjects that are from various types of fiqh and Usool-e-fiqh. Author, Ibn e Hamam used a critical explanation of words from lexical to technical, their grammatical analysis, connection on the basis of grammatical and syntax regulations and illustration of differences between synonyms. The methodology of this book is unique as it provide unprejudiced and impartial in analysis of various topics under discussion and the rational and logical arguments given by the author in support of his view make this book a significant work and a remarkable milestone in fiqh collections. The paper concludes with a comprehensive analysis of the aspects dealt with in terms of methodology and its characteristics.

Production of Fungal Treated Wheat Straw Through Solid State Fermentation and its Biological Evaluation in Nili Ravi Buffalo Calves

The poor availability of high quality feedstuff and consistent use of abundant low quality dry roughages as an animal feed are the major constraints in the development of livestock sector in Pakistan. For an efficient exploitation of available crop residues like wheat straw, biotechnological methods along with solid state fermentation technology using Arachniotus sp. were employed to upgrade its nutritive value in laboratory and on large scale at farm. Thus at both levels, addition of salts (MgSO4.7H2O, CaCl2, KH2PO4 andurea) and industrial residues (molasses, rice polishing and corn steep liquor) highly increased the crude protein contents and decrease the neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and acid detergent lignin in the fermented wheat straw. It was demonstrated that Arachniotus sp. are a potential alternative fungi that on addition of economical by-products provide more practical and environmental-friendly approach for enhancing the nutritive value of wheat straw on large scale at farm level. Moreover, the biological trial of this treated wheat straw in Nili Ravi male buffalo calves considerably increased the dry matter intake, daily weight gain, improved feed conversion ratio, an enhanced feed economics and nutritive digestibility. Hence, the current observations highly endorse the use of these economical by-products for cheap biomass production from low quality dry roughages and it was recommended to add this improved feed in livestock ration for an enhanced growth performance.