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Comparative Evaluation of Hydropower Potential of Jhelum and Indus Basins using GIS

Thesis Info

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External Link

Author

Muhammad Ali

Department

Department of Civil Engineering

Program

MS

Institute

Capital University of Science & Technology

Institute Type

Private

City

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2018

Subject

Civil Engineering

Language

English

Link

https://thesis.cust.edu.pk/UploadedFiles/MCE%20153005%20Final.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676709393299

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مولانا عاشق حسین سیماب اکبر آبادی

مولانا عاشق حسین سیماب اکبر آبادی
افسوس ہے پچھلے دودن کے ہی آگے پیچھے سے اردو کی بساط شعروادب کے دوپرانے اورنامور مہرے اٹھ گئے۔مولانا عاشق حسین سیماب اکبر آبادی اور مولانا احسان اﷲ خاں تاجورؔ نجیب آبادی آج کل کے عام شاعروں کی طرح شاعر یاادیب ہی نہیں تھے بلکہ صاحب فن استاذ،علم عروض ومعانی وبیان اور لغت و قواعد لسان کے بڑے مبصر اورناقد بھی تھے۔مولانا سیماب۱۸۸۰ء میں آگرہ میں پیداہوئے اورجنوری۱۹۵۱ء میں کراچی میں انتقال کرگئے شاعری اٹھارہ انیس برس کی عمر سے ہی شروع کردی تھی اس طرح گویا مرحوم نے پوری ایک نصف صدی اردو زبان وادب کی خدمت میں بسر کی۔اس مدت میں سینکڑوں چھوٹی بڑی کتابیں اوربے شمار مقالات،نظمیں وغیرہ ان کے قلم سے نکلیں۔ان کے شاگردوں کاحلقہ بھی نہایت وسیع تھا جو خط وکتابت کے ذریعہ ان کی فنی بصیرت ومہارت سے استفادہ کرتارہتاتھا۔ابتدا میں اگرچہ مرزاداغ سے مشورہ سخن کرتے تھے مگر جلد ہی ان کااپنا ایک مخصوص رنگ قائم ہوگیا۔کثرت مطالعہ وفکر عمیق نے ان میں شعروادب سے متعلق ایک مجتہدانہ شان پیداکردی تھی۔وہ کسی کے مقلد نہیں تھے بلکہ ہرچیز اورہرشعری وادبی مسئلہ کے متعلق اپنی ایک جچی تلی سنجیدہ اورمتین رائے رکھتے تھے اورعلیٰ وجہ البصیرت رکھتے تھے۔انھوں نے اپنی زندگی میں بڑے بڑے طوفانی اورانقلابی دوردیکھے جس نے ادب وشعر کی پرانی قدروں کومتزلزل کرکے رکھ دیا اورصورت ومعنی دونوں کے لحاظ سے شاعری کی دنیا میں ہنگامہ برپاکردیا، لیکن مرحوم ایک چٹان بنے اپنے مقام پرکھڑے رہے یہاں تک کہ انقلاب فکروسخن کی موجیں ان سے ٹکرائیں اوربالآخر راستہ کاٹ کر ان سے دامن بچاکر نکل گئیں۔یہ سب کچھ اس لیے ہوسکا کہ مرحوم طرزقدیم کے حامل ہونے کے ساتھ وقت کے جدید تقاضوں سے بھی بے خبر نہ تھے اورقدیم وجدید میں ہم آہنگی پیداکرلینے کاان میں بڑااچھا سلیقہ تھا۔آخر عمر...

Faculty Perspective on the Challenges Faced During Implementation of Integrated Curriculum

Background: Curriculum is a dynamic thing that has evolved over the years to ensure the competency of health care professionals. Due to guidelines issued by international accrediting agencies, University College of Medicine & Dentistry implemented an integrated modular curriculum in 2015 that is coordinated and coherent.  Objectives: The objective of this study was to explore the difficulties that the faculty faced while implementing an integrated curriculum for the undergraduate dental program (BDS) at the University College of Dentistry, The University of Lahore.   Methods: This descriptive exploratory study was conducted from September 2020 till January 2021 at University College of Dentistry, The University of Lahore. Thirty-five faculty members were interviewed. The interviews were analyzed thematically after being transcribed. Results: Six themes emerged from the analysis of interviews. These themes were: working environment, distribution of workload, communication, faculty development and retention, evaluation and leadership. Conclusions: Integrated curriculum may be the need of the hour; however, its implementation comes with a set of challenges, which include a non-conducive working environment, uneven distribution of workload, absence of a sound faculty development and retention program, or absence of adequate resources. These factors may hinder the implementation of the integrated curriculum.

Synthesis and Characterization of Some Novel N-Vinyl Pyrrolidone Based Copolymers for Controlled Drug Delivery

Six series of N-vinyl pyrrolidone based copolymers were synthesized by free radical solution polymerization of N-vinyl pyrrolidone and n-alkyl methacrylate monomers. The n-butyl methacrylate and n-hexyl methacrylate were selected as the hydrophobic counterpart. In the first part of the study properties of uncrosslinked poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone-co-n-alkyl methacrylate) copolymers were modified by varying the weight % ratio of the two monomers. Elemental analyses, FTIR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopic analyses techniques were used for structure elucidation of the copolymers. Thermal stabilities and glass transition temperatures of the copolymers were directly related to the amount of n-alkyl methacrylate as well as the alkyl chain length of methacrylate comonomer. The water uptake characteristics of the copolymers were related to the amount of hydrophilic NVP incorporated into these copolymers. The hydrophobic drug dexamethasone was loaded into the copolymers with optimum water uptake and prolonged aqueous stability. The drug release studies were carried out at physiological temperature 37 °C and pH 7.4 for 35 days. Controlled drug release was observed from the selected copolymer films during the study time period. The cumulative drug release was found to be mainly controlled by the amount of hydrophilic monomer and molecular weight of the copolymers. In the second part of present study crosslinked poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone-co-n-alkyl methacrylate) copolymers were synthesized at fixed weight % ratio of N-vinyl pyrrolidone and n-alkyl methacrylate monomers (i.e NVP : nAMA = 90:10) using various concentrations of polyfunctional monomers employed as crosslinking agents. The effect of crosslinker concentration and functionality on gel content, thermal stability, water uptake, internal morphology and drug release was investigated. Gel contents and thermal stability of the crosslinked copolymers increased with increasing crosslinker concentration as well as its functionality. The water uptake at 37 °C decreased with increasing crosslinker concentration and functionality however the increase in alkyl chain length of alkyl methacrylate resulted in increased water uptake. The crosslinked copolymers with optimized crosslinker concentrations exhibited controlled drug release patterns at 37 °C and pH 7.4. Higher amounts of cumulative drug release were observed for copolymers crosslinked with trifunctional crosslinkers leading to complete drug release in 20-22 days while the copolymers crosslinked with difunctional crosslinker exhibited controlled drug release upto 35 days. The kinetics and mechanism of the drug release was also analyzed.