فقہی اور قانونی فکر کے حوالے سےمسلم تمدن جس انتشار کا شکار ہے اس کے سدباب کے لیے اہل علم کو فرو عی مسائل میں الجھنے کی بجائے مسالک کو قریب کرنے کے لیے کام کرنا چاہیے۔
ڈاکٹر غزالی ‘‘احکام القرآن’’ کے بارے میں کہتے ہیں کہ حنفی فقہی روایت کی شان و شوکت یہ تفسیر ہے۔ البتہ یہاں ایک اہم سوال ہے کہ احکام قرآن پر جتنی بھی تفاسیر لکھی گئیں۔ ان کا بڑا ہدف اور مقصد اپنے مسلک کی نگہبانی کرنا ہے اسی وجہ سے فقہی تفسیر اپنی علمیت اور موضوعیت کھو بیٹھی۔ دراصل مولانا اشرف علی تھانوی کی یہ تفسیر عالم اسلام کے اطراف سے اٹھنے والی ایک مخلص صدا کا ایک سلسلہ ہے۔ جس سے مراد یہ ہے کہ اسلامی فقہی مسالک و مذاہب سے بیزاری مسائل کا حل نہیں اوران لوگوں کے لیے لمحہ فکریہ ہے جو فقہی مدارس کو فرقہ واریت کا سبب قرار دیتے ہیں۔ ان کو اس ملک سے نکال دینا چاہیے کیونکہ امت کے مرض کی تشخیص اور اس کے علاج کی تجویز میں ہر دور میں غلطی ہوئی ہے ۔
The status, empowerment and dignity of woman in Islam is the crucial topic in the modern times. According to Islamic point of view, men and women have been created from a one soul. The main difference between them lies in the physical structure. A woman has to bring up, train and look after kids, which is the complicated task to civilize a nation. The issue of woman`s activities in Islam, is misunderstood and distorted due to misreporting of western media and misbehavior of some Muslim families. There is a large number of women scholars in Islamic history, Dr. Akram Nadwi has compiled the biographies of ten thousand female scholars in his commendable book of forty volumes. In educational system of Islam, a woman is completely free to perform educational activities for development of her nation. In social system of Islam, a woman is honored as mother, as daughter, as sister and as wife. The first converter to Islam was a woman, “Hazrat Khadijah (R.A)”. Hazrat Ayesha (R.A) was great scholar who reported many traditions from Holy Prophet( SAW). Many female Companions of Holy prophet( SAW) have performed great deeds even in the field of battlefield. There is a strong basis in Islamic history for women`s participation in positiveand constructive activities in every walk of life. Muslim women are allowed to perform research, educational, national, religious, social, and financial and other constructive activities. In this research paper, Islamic overview has been described upon positive and constructive activities of women in the light of Islamic teachings.
The aim of this research is to investigate some contractions and establish the existence results of single and multivalued mappings in frame work of some abstract space. Banach (1922) presented a fixed point theorem, namely Banach contraction theorem, which states that, a contraction mapping has a unique fixed point in a complete metric space. This theorem is widely applicable in proving the existence of solutions of functional equations under certain conditions. This theorem is based upon the iterative process, so it can be easily implemented on computer. This theorem was a revolution in fixed point theory. Later on , several generalizations of this theorem have been obtained. Fixed point results are widely studied in the framework of topological, metric and ordered oriented spaces. It is interesting to study that a nonlinear functional equation T(x) = x (where T is some linear or nonlinear operator defined on metric or fuzzy metric space) has either a solution or possess no solution. If the nonlinear functional equation has any solution, then it is interesting to find some algorithms which lead to an appropriate solution, but if nonlinear functional equation has no solution, then to try and find some approximate solution. The approximation, optimization and fixed point theory incorporate the main theme of nonlinear analysis. The best approximation theory is applicable in variety of problems arising in nonlinear functional analysis. Banach (1922) fixed point theorem is vastly applicable in proving the existence of solutions of functional equations under certain conditions. Many authors generalized Banach contraction principle in various directions. To address the question, if a nonlinear functional equation has no solution, it is recommended to approximate the solution which solves the optimization problem such that d(x, T x) is minimum. Ky Fan’s (Fan (1969)) best approximation result has been used when some nonlinear functional equations have no solution. In this thesis, best proximity point results in non-Archimedean fuzzy metric space are proved and some optimal best proximity point results are also obtained. These results provides the existence of optimal approximate solutions to some equations which have no solution. Further, fuzzy optimal coincidence point results for different proximal contractions in the framework of complete non-Archimedean fuzzy metric space are obtained. These results also holds in fuzzy metric spaces when some mild assumptions are added in the domain of involved mappings. In the next part of thesis, best proximity point results in a complete non-Archimedean fuzzy metric space with ordered structure have been discussed. Further, a class of multivalued mappings is introduced which satisfies Suzuki type generalized contractive condition in the framework of fuzzy metric spaces and some fixed point results are obtained for such kind of mappings. In next part of this thesis, Suzuki type contraction conditions are further generalized as Suzuki type F−contraction fuzzy mapping in ordered metric spaces. As an application, a common fixed point result for hybrid pair of single and multivalued mappings, the existence and uniqueness of common bounded solution of functional equations arising in dynamic programming are obtained. The obtained results generalize and extend various results in the existing literature. In each chapter, some examples are provided, which shows the validity of the results along with couple of remarks about the comparison of obtained results with the existing ones in the literature.