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Multi-label Classi cation of Research Articles using Word2Vec and Identi cation of Similarity Threshold

Thesis Info

Access Option

External Link

Author

Ghulam Mustafa

Department

Department of Computer Science

Program

MS

Institute

Capital University of Science & Technology

Institute Type

Private

City

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2019

Subject

Computer Science

Language

English

Link

https://thesis.cust.edu.pk/UploadedFiles/MCS181037.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676709407774

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مقدمہ

الحمد لله رب العالمين والصلوة والسلام على رسوله الكريم اما بعد: اللہ تعالیٰ کی سب سے بڑی نعمت یہ ہے کہ ہمیں اسلام سے نوازا جو دین فطرت ہے ایک ہمہ گیر اور مکمل دین ہے علم و اخلاق کا دین ہے ہر زمان و مکان کے لیے موزوں و مناسب دین ہے آسانی و رحمت کا دین ہے قرآن ہی اسلام ہے قرآن مجید اللہ رب ذوالجلال کا پاک کلام ہے جسے اس نے اپنے محبوب پیغمبر سید کائناتﷺ پر نازل فرمایا یوں تو اللہ تعالیٰ نے امام الانبیاء رحمۃ للعالمین حضرت محمدﷺ کو بہت سے معجزات عطا فرمائے تھے مگر ان میں سے ایک سب سے عظیم ، ابدی، دائمی، لافانی اور سرمدی معجزہ قرآن مجید ہے ۔قرآن مجید کی تلاوت اور معانی و مفاہیم کو سمجھنے کے لیے اور سمجھانے کے لیے تدبر و تفکر افضل ترین عبادت ہے بلکہ دین و عبادت کی تمام ترعمارت قرآن مجید کی ہی اساس پر استوار ہے قرآن مجید میں احکام بھی ہیں شرائع بھی، امثال بھی ہیں اور مواعظ و تاریخ بھی، نہ امور دین سے متعلق کوئی ایسی چیز ہے جس کی قرآن مجید میں توضیح و تبیین نہ کر دی گئی ہو اور نہ نظامِ کائنات سے متعلق کوئی ایسی بات ہے جس کی قرآن حکیم میں وضاحت و صراحت نہ کر دی گئی ہو مسلمانوں نے بھی قرآن مجید کے ساتھ اپنے سینوں کو منور کیا اور اس کی تعلیمات کے مطابق عمل کیا اس کے بحر ذخائر میں غواصیوں کے بعد علوم و فنون کے ایسے لعل و جواہردنیا کے سامنے پیش کیے جس کی سابقہ ادیان و اقوام میں کوئی مثال نہیں ملتی۔
کسی نے تو لغات قرآن، تحریرکلمات، مخارج حروف قرآن پر بحث کی تو کسی نے عموم و خصوص، حقیقتا و مجاز، ظاہر و مجمل، محکم و مشتابہ، امرونہی...

ENVY A PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDER: AN ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE

A negative feeling that creates displeasure and anger is known as envy. It is produced by the negative attitude towards others, having assets, greater characteristics and fair potential than him. It is a psychological disorder that creates a nuisance in society and leads to social discontent. Such kind of psychological disorder gives rise to hatred and creates an environment of enmity and mistrust. Its magnitude and impact are very high and result in conflicts and jealousy. Such a situation is disliked in Islam and is taken very seriously and rejected at all levels. It is a mental disorder that disturbs the human psyche at local and international levels, resulting in chaos and disorder. Islam guides its followers in particular but humans, in general, to remain away from it to save humanity from anarchy and psychological sickness. Islam respects humanity and guides us to preserve human dignity and values of life. It prescribes detailed solutions to such a problem to preserve human beings. In this paper, an attempt is made and a detailed analysis is provided about its occurrence within the Islamic context and methods of safety are provided to safeguard humans from the malice of envy.

Prevalence of Abnormal Aminoglycoside Trough Levels in Children With Clinically Suspected Gram Negative Infections at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi

Background: Aminoglycosides are commonly used in the treatment of severe gram-negative infections. Their use is associated with substantial risk of toxicity and hence need to monitor therapeutic drug levels. The prevalence of abnormal aminoglycoside trough levels in hospitalized children in our local setting has not been determined thus putting into question the cost benefits of providing therapeutic drug monitoring services in our resource poor settings. Objective: To determine the prevalence of abnormal aminoglycoside trough levels in children below the age of 12 years with clinically suspected gram negative infections at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi. The secondary objective was to determine if glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimation using Schwartz formula correlates with drug trough levels in children on aminoglycoside therapy. Methods: Children aged 1 day up to 12 years started on aminoglycoside therapy with either gentamicin or amikacin were identified in this hospital based cross-sectional survey that was undertaken at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi over a period of six months. Aminoglycoside drug trough levels and serum creatinine measurements were done in 81 patients at 24hours after initiation of aminoglycoside therapy. GFR was calculated using Schwartz formula for all the serum creatinine values obtained. Data analysis: Data accrued were analysed using Stata Data Analysis and Statistical software. The prevalence of abnormal aminoglycoside trough levels was calculated. The Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated between the drug trough levels and estimated GFR. The prevalence, sensitivity, specificity, positive and vi negative predictive values as well as likelihood ratios, and hence accuracy of estimated GFR in predicting for abnormal aminoglycoside trough levels was also calculated. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was also determined. Results: A total of eighty one participants were recruited into this study with a median age of three days, 48.2% of whom were males and 51.8% female. The prevalence of abnormal aminoglycoside trough levels in children below the age of 12 years with clinically suspected gram negative infections admitted at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi was 4.9% (95% CI 1.4% to 12.2%). There were no reported adverse outcomes in any of the children with abnormal drug trough levels upon follow-up. The strength of the association between aminoglycoside trough levels and glomerular filtration rate was found to be weak with Pearson correlation co-efficient of -0.342. The sensitivity and specificity of estimated GFR in predicting for abnormal aminoglycoside trough levels was 25.0% and 98.7% respectively. The