Vivekananda’s Views on Christianity and Islam

Vivekananda was the Hindu revivalist of nineteenth century who preached the message of equality of all religions. In his lectures, he guided people to assimilation of religions and not their destruction. He emphasized on peace and harmony of religions that could only be attained through tolerance. This paper explores his claim of equality of religions from his writings regarding two religions - Christianity and Islam. Critical approach is utilized to identify the fact that either he is equating all religions or he is trying to submerge the non-Hindu religions in his philosophy of neo-Vedanta. Apparently, the tension between these two positions makes his theory of pluralism suspicious. In other words, his popular image of being a pioneer of religious pluralism needs to be reassesses by studying his writings and presentation of the beliefs, rituals, and practices of other religions, as well as, his practical interactions with the followers of different religions during his life. In this connection, it is important to explore how he perceives and depicts the personalities of Jesus Christ and Muhammad.

Characterization of Inhibin Gene in Patientsof Polycysticovarysydrome

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is multisymptomatic gynecological disorder with high prevalence (5-10%) among human females. Primarily it affects female reproductive system resulting in infrequent menstrual cycles. Visceral adiposity, insulin resistance, hirsutism and infertility are other consequences of PCOS. Genetic as well as environmental factors contribute for the progression of PCOS. Multiple studies revealed association of PCOS with mutations in different genes specifically expressing androgens and androgen receptors. PCOS is an autosomal and X-linked disease. 60-70% of PCOS patients suffer from hyperandrogenism i.e. high level of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) & luteinizing hormone (LH). While LH/FSH ratio elevates in PCOS patients. Inhibin A downregulates the follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) to promote ovulation and regulate normal menstrual cycle. Inhibin A is a hetero dimer of INHA and INHB subunits. INHA along with Antimullerian hormone can be used as a diagnostic marker for PCOS. This study has been conducted using data of 50 participants. They were classified into two groups, control and experimental group. Out of total 50 participants, 30 were PCOS patients and 20 were healthy control subjects. Blood samples of PCOS patients were collected from Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences. Extracted DNA from blood was used for amplification of exon 2 of INHA subunit of Inhibin A and B gene. Restriction digestion of Amplified gene segment was carried out with restriction endonuclease. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) results showed 30% of PCOS patients having heterozygous mutation (G769A/ rs12720062). Results revealed positive risk of developing PCOS when having A allele at position 769bp in heterozygous state. So, we concluded that there is an association between heterozygosity at rs12720062 and risk of development of PCOS.