مشاركة المسلم في الأعمال السياسية بالبلاد غير الإسلامية وحكمها

In this paper, the question of the participation of the resident Muslim in the foreign countries in politics and its rulings and the statement of some issues that are presented to the Muslim, such as: to elect, run or participate in political parties and other issues related to this topic. And also, tried to study the views of the scholars, and presented them and their attitudes, evidence in them, compared with them. The modern world has witnessed phenomena, which is not hidden to every sane person, which was, the Muslim participation in the political activities in the non-Muslim countries. The importance of this research paper is clear because it reveals the meaning of the political concept in the Holy Quran and prophetic tradition, which made the researcher in the attempt to legalize the matter in this regard and to summarize the statements of ancient and contemporary scholars based on their arguments and evidences. The study concluded That the participation in politics activities non-Muslims societies does not fall within the scope of the doctrine originally, since no one doubts in the doctrine of Muslims that it is not permissible to resort to the tyrant and not to judge except with Allah almighty revealed rules and regulations, and when this doctrine disappears or enter doubt of any act of apostasy and disbelief, which is not satisfied by any sound Muslim at this very moment that falls into haram category. At the end conclusion is drawn from variant views of the scholars, and the main findings and recommendations have been given.

Orthogonal and Non Orthogonal Stagnation Point Flows

In this dissertation, the orthogonal and non orthogonal stagnation point flows for different types of fluids have been investigated. We analyze the heat and mass transfer effects on magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) orthogonal stagnation point flow in viscoelastic fluid with Cattaneo-Christov heat flux model. Furthermore MHD orthogonal stagnation point flow of Williamson fluid over a stretching cylinder with variable thermal conductivity and homogeneous/heterogeneous reaction is studied. The MHD oblique stagnation point flow of nanofluid over a convective stretching surface has also been presented. To model the system of partial differential equations, different emerging laws of Physics are used. To convert the system of partial differential equations into the ordinary differential equations, some suitable transformations named as the similarity transformations are utilized. Further, the system of ordinary differential equations is tackled by the classical shooting method to obtain the numerical solution of the proposed problems. Tables are constructed and graphs are plotted to observe the trend of those parameters for which the significant effects are observed. To validate the numerical solution, the MATLAB built-in function bvp4c is also implemented. An excellent agreement is observed in the results obtained by two different ways i. e. shooting method and built-in function bvp4c. A comparison with the previously available literature in limiting cases is also performed to strengthen the reliability of the code. It is analyzed that in case of the non orthogonal stagnation point flows for the Newtonian fluid, the point of zero skin friction along the wall undergoes a shift in the position with the variations in the magnetic parameter, angle of incidence and sretching ratio parameter.