میں جو دریا ہوں تو دریا کی روانی تم ہو
ایسا کردار ہوں میں جس کی کہانی تم ہو
ایک ہی لفظ میں سمٹے ہیں ازل اور ابد
لفظ وہ پیار ہے اور اس کے معانی تم ہو
تشنگی مجھ میں ہے صحرائے جنوں کی مانند
بہرِ تسکین کسی ابر کا پانی تم ہو
میں ادھوری ہوں کسی مصرع اولیٰ کی طرح
میری تکمیل ہو تم مصرع ثانی تم ہو
عشق والوں کو جو وہ سمت نمائی بخشے
اے فضا! عشق کے رستے کی نشانی تم ہو
Islam is not a mere set of worships but it leaves no stone unturned to guide its followers regarding the social conduct be it politico-legal, sociocultural or economic etc to name a few. The interest-based transactions have been categorically rendered impermissible and unlawful by virtue of Quranic injunctions and authentic ahadith. In this article the issue of interest based transactions – Muslim to Muslim, Muslim to non-Muslim and vice versa, a Muslim resident of a non-Muslim state and a Muslim non-resident of a nonMuslim state – has been discussed in detail in the light of Quran, hadith and juristic rulings of the eminent Islamic scholars including the great four imams.
Favorable alliance between rhizosphere bacteria and crop plants induced marked improvement in the plant growth. These beneficial microbes had directly and indirectly shaped plant growth through variety of growth promoting traits. Besides other characteristics, some rhizobacteria have distinguished ability to possess an enzyme 1- aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase (ACCD), an immediate precursor of ethylene. Bacterial ACC-deaminase activity modulates endogenous production of ethylene in the rhizosphere thus endorse plant growth promotion. Hence, Use of beneficial bacterial inoculation was assessed through compost and varying level of mineral fertilization in order to improve growth, yield and quality attributes of oil seed crops under study. Organic amendment like compost not only provides an ideal tool for integrated nutrient management with PGPR but also represents a perfect substrate for microbial growth of diverse nature. Integrated effect of rhizobacterial inoculation with organic and inorganic amendments on sunflower and soybean was examined in a variety of experiments. Minimal salt medium with ACC as an ace source of nitrogen had been employed to isolate beneficial bacteria from rhizosphere of both oil seed crops. For authentification, these isolates were further monitored for their diverse plant growth promoting abilities under gnotobiotic conditions. Selected rhizobacterial isolates were further screened under pot experiment in addition to evaluate general growth pattern under pot experiments. Finally, based on performance under pot conditions rhizobacteria were chosen for field trials in two seasons (spring and winter) grown sunflower and soybean respectively. Characterization of selected rhizobacterial isolates was also carried out for several plant growth enhancing attributes. It had been viewed that ACC- deaminase based bacterial biotechnology improved growth, yield and qualitative features of sunflower and soybean through integrated management approach rather than sole inoculation and mineral fertilization