مولانا محمد اویس ندوی نگرامی
دارالمصنفین اور معارف کے حلقہ میں مولانا محمد اویس ندوی نگرامی کا نام محتاج تعارف نہیں ہے، وہ معارف کی مجلس ادارت کے رکن اور دارالمصنفین کی مینیجنگ کمیٹی کے ممبر تھے، رفیق کی حیثیت سے بھی کئی سال تک یہاں رہ چکے اور تصنیف و تالیف کے علاوہ سیرۃ النبی کی نظرثانی میں بھی انھوں نے مولانا سید سلیمان ندوی مرحوم کا ہاتھ بٹایا تھا، سید صاحب کی جوہر شناس نگاہ نے طالب علمی کے زمانہ ہی میں ان کی صلاحیت کا اندازہ کرلیا تھا، تعلیم سے فراغت کے کچھ ہی عرصہ بعد ان کو دارالمصنفین لے آئے، تصنیف و تالیف کے علاوہ وہ ان کی درسی لیاقت کے بھی معترف تھے، قرآن مجید کے مطالعہ کا شوق انہیں شروع ہی سے تھا، سید صاحب کی صحبت میں یہ ذوق اور بڑھا، یوں تو سبھی اہم تفسیریں نظر سے گزریں تھی، لیکن ابن جریر اور ابن کثیر سے زیادہ دلچسپی تھی علامہ ابن تیمیہ اور حافظ ابن قیم کے تو عاشق تھے، ان کا ذکر بڑے والہانہ انداز میں کیا کرتے تھے، اس گرویدگی کا اثر تھا کہ مختلف کتابوں سے ان کے تفسیری بیانات چن کر ایک ضخیم کتاب تیار کردی، ان کی یہ کوشش ہندوستان ہی میں نہیں، بلکہ پوری دنیا میں قدر کی نگاہ سے دیکھی گئی، اب تک کئی اڈیشن شائع کرچکے ہیں۔
علمی انہماک کے ساتھ تزکیۂ نفس اور اصلاح باطن کا بھی بڑا خیال تھا، ان کا خاندان شریعت و طریقت کی جامعیت میں ممتاز تھا، ان کے پردادا مولانا عبدالعلی حضرت شاہ علم اﷲ رائے بریلوی کے سلسلہ سے وابستہ تھے، دادا مولانا محمد ادریس بھی ایک بڑے عالم اور شیخ طریقت تھے، وہ مولانا عبدالحئی فرنگی محلی مولانا عبدالحق حقانی اور قاری عبدالرحمن پانی پتی کے شاگرد اور مولانا فضل رحمن گنج...
Ibn e Khaldun (1406 C.E.) has been an imminent scholar and well known for his work in the study of civilization. His vision regarding Civilization holds the significant place according to the philosophers of history. Arnold J. Toynbee (1975 C.E.) is one such prominent thinker who not only applauded the thoughts of Ibn e Khaldun but was influenced by Ibn e Khaldun’s views as it can be seen in Toynbee’s book: “A Study of History”. As a philosopher of history, he has much contribution in the field; He interlinks History with civilization. He presented a thoughtful book surrounding his civilizational vision; which explains the causes of world’s ups and downs. Although he presented a quality research about the division of the civilizations in the light of religion, many aspects of his work need to be reassessed. As per his understanding of world civilizations, he represents twenty-one civilizations, but with the passage of time, the number reduces and now only five are left in the contemporary epoch. According to him, religion has played significant role in the rise and fall of civilizations through their various stages. This research will highlight his thought about Islam through a comparison between Toynbee and Ibn e Khaldun’s Islamic civilizational thoughts. The study will also mention several problems in his approach to the Islamic Civilization. Furthermore, along with due importance of both scholars in the subject of history, their authoritative status will be stated. This research aims to discuss some misconceptions of the West that are based on Toynbee's understating of Islamic civilization and history. And, consequently, it intends to improve relations between people of the west and east.
This study explores Kamila Shamsie’s fiction as a site of postcolonial diaspora writing. Diaspora is a significant concern in postcolonial theory. Most of the research done in Diaspora Studies in general and Postcolonial Diaspora Studies in particular is related to history, economics, political science, sociology, anthropology, and psychology. Shamsie’s fiction brings to light her diasporic consciousness which is based upon her own status as a member of modern transnational diaspora. It is a presentation of a variety of diaspora characters. Also, the impact of major historical events like World War II, colonization and decolonization of India, Fall of Dhaka, Russian Invasion of Afghanistan, resultant Holy War, 9/11 and War on Terror is integral to her work and to the characters portrayed in it. The present study establishes these dimensions in her work along with an unearthing of how the power structures and the power practices designed to perpetuate hegemony of some people on others influence individuals and compel people to leave their familiar world. Simultaneously, it ascertains the identity issues created by displacement in both cases of voluntary migration or forced expulsion/exile. In her work, Shamsie also presents the hybridity and the loss of pure cultural identity created as a consequence of colonization and educational hegemony of the West. It is a qualitative research where interpretive framework of Critical Discourse Analysis (Fairclough, 2003) has been applied to the study of three novels, namely: Salt and Saffron (2000), Kartography (2002) and Burnt Shadows (2009). A text emerges from its interaction with context and prevailing social conditions. The objective of CDA is to perceive language use as a social practice. Therefore, interdiscursivity and situatedness of a text are two important factors analyzed in this work. It explores the relationships among language, ideology and power. Fairclough suggests three stages of CDA which are: Description, Interpretation and Explanation, thus the design of the study. Whereas, the theoretical framework of postcolonial diaspora theory by Edward Said (1978, 1991, 1999) along with Ashcroft et al.’s concepts of place and displacement have been chosen to substantiate alienation and sense of being out of place in diaspora subjects.