پاکستان جیسے ملک میں پولیس کی سستی اور عدم تعاون کا مرکز عمومی طور پر حدودمقدمات ہوتے ہیں ۔ پھر ان مقدمات کا دعویٰ بہت تاخیر سے دائر ہوتا ہے ۔ پھر بہت زیادہ تاخیر سے ان مقدمات کے کیس عدالتوں میں لگتے ہیں اور بآلاخر ان مقدمات کے فیصلے بھی بہت سالوں بعد ہوتے ہیں ۔اس کی بنیادی وجہ پولیس کی سستی ، رشوت کی عادات ، وکلاء کا عدم تعاون اور ججز کی تعداد کا کم ہونا ہے۔ پاکستانی معاشرہ اس وقت جرائم کا گڑھ بن چکا ہے ۔ روزاانہ کی بنیاد پر کافی زیادہ جرائم رپورٹ بھی ہوتے ہیں اور ان کی FIR بھی درج ہو تی ہیں ۔پھر یہ مقدمات عدلیہ کے سامنے پیش ہو تے ہیں ۔ اس طرح حدود وقصاص کے مقدمات سالوں تک چلتے ہیں۔ اس کے علاوہ اداروں کے آپس میں مربوط نہ ہونے کی وجہ سے حدود وقصاص کے مقدمات کو غلط طریقے سے نمٹایا جا تا ہے۔ وقت پر انصاف نہ ملنے کی وجہ سے مظلو م اور متضرر اپنے عدالتی نظام سے اور انصاف نہ ملنے پر ریاست سے بھی بد ظن ہو جاتے ہیں ۔
This research is motivated by a phenomenon of poor communication between parents and children. In the world of education, there was a lack of approaches and methods used by educators in providing subject matter so that what was delivered by the educator did not achieve the expected goals. The problem in this research is how the participatory methods, lectures and discussions contained in the As-Shaffat letter verse 102. The purpose is to describe the educational methods contained in the As-Shaffat letter verse 102 in the form of participatory methods, lecture methods and discussion methods. This research is a Library Research. The method of interpretation used in this study is the method of interpretation of maudhu 'or thematic methods which interpret verses of the Qur'an based on specific themes. The method used in the explanation of the verse is the method of tahlili or analysis that explains the verses of the Qur'an by examining its aspects and revealing its whole purpose. The results of study and analysis, as well as data processing from various sources, obtained the first result that the educational method contained in the As-Shaffat verse 102 is a participatory method used by educators, which involves all elements in the educational process especially students, with active participation from participants students will facilitate educators in delivering the material to be given. Both lecture methods, in conveying information, especially learning materials can be done with the lecture method. An educator prioritizes good attitudes so that the material can be accepted by students. The third method of discussion is to involve students in giving their opinions. With the discussion in learning, the lessons will become warmer and will train students to be more courageous in opinion.
In order to examine the toxic effect of heavy metals (cadmium and nickel) on morpho-anatomy and physiology of two macrphytes Pistia stratiotes L. and Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms have been collected randomly from contaminated waters. Plants of both species were subjected to metals (Cd, Ni and combination of Cd+Ni) stress. The levels for Cd2+, Ni2+ and Cd2++Ni2+ combined was 0, 50, 100 and 150 mg/L in aqueous medium. The data was recorded for different morpho-physiological and anatomical attributes. The growth of the both plant species was reduced under metal stress. A significant reduction in photosynthetic parameters was noted in E. crassipes and P. stratiotes under metal stress. Organic osmolytes generally increased by metal stress however, E. crassipes accumulated proline and total proteins in higher amount under Ni stress while P. stratiotes showed same response under Cd stress. Ions like K+ and Ca2+ were severely affected by both metals in E. crassipes. Metals improved uptake of both Ca2+ and K+ in shoot and roots under metal stress in P. stratiotes. However Na+ and Cl- was not affected by metal stress. E. crassipes is better accumulator of both Ni and Cd however; Ni in root was more in P. stratiotes when applied in combination with Cd. Root area, root pith area and pith cell area, root xylem area, metaxylem area and endodermal cell area generally increased in E. crassipes under metal stress. Root epidermal cell area, cortical region cell area and its thickness and aerenchymatous area increased in both P. stratiotes and E. crassipes under metal stress. However, phloem area increased only in P. stratiotes under all stresses. Leaf anatomical characteristics like adaxial or abaxial epidermal cell area were relatively more responsive to Cd stress when applied alone or in combination with Ni in P. stratiotes. However, trichome number and length increased at lower levels of stress in P. stratiotes. Stomatal density on both leaf surfaces and bundle sheath cell area generally increased in E. crassipes under metal stress. Other leaf characteristics like aerenchymatous area, vascular bundle area, stomatal area, sclerenchyma area, chlorenchymatous area, xylem area, phloem area and lamina thickness generally decreased under metal stress. It is concluded thatE. crassipes is relatively more sensitive to Cd than Ni, whereas P. stratiotes is more sensitive to Ni than Cd. Both species are metal accumulators and can be used for phytoremediation of metal effected soils and water.