قدیم مصری عقاید اور جانور
اس وقت مصریوں کا عقیدہ تھا کہ ابتدا سے آخر تک آسمان اور دریائے نیل ہی باقی بچ جانے والی سماوی مخلوق ہے ۔یہ تمام حیرت انگیز اجرام ِ فلکی محض اجرام نہیں بلکہ طاقتور روحوں اور ایسے دیوتائوں کی ظاہری صورتیں ہیں جن کے ارادے ہمیشہ یکساں نہیں ،یہ پیچیدہ اور مختلف تحریکوں کا حکم جاری کرتے رہتے ہیں ۔آسمان بذات خود ایک گنبد ہے جس کی وسعت کے پار عظیم گائے حت جور دیوی کھڑی ہے ۔زمین اس کے پیروں تلے تھی اور پیٹ پر دس ہزار ستاروں کا ملمع ،ایک مصری عقیدہ یہ بھی تھا کہ آسمان دیوتا سبو تھا ابیوت دیوی یعنی زمین کے اوپر دھیرے سے لیٹا ہے اور ان کی عظیم الجثہ مباشرت سے تمام چیزوں نے جنم لیا ۔
دکتور محمود نے سامری کے بچھڑے والے بت پر ہاتھ رکھ کر کہا دکتور الطاف فرعونی ادوار میں جانور دیوتا زیادہ مقبول تھے مصریوں کے عبادت خانے ،سانڈ،مگر مچھ ، باز، گائے، ہنس ، بکرے،بلی، مینڈھے ،کتے ،مرغی ،ابابیل ،گیدڑ ،سانپ کی نسلوں سے بھرے پڑے تھے ۔ میں نے کہا ہندئوں اور مصریوں کے حوالے سے عقیدۂ تقدیس قریب قریب ہے ۔اس نے کہاں ہاں بہت مشابہت ہے ۔مگر مصری فرعون کے زمانے میں جانوروں سے جنسی اختلاط کے قائل تھے اور یہ عمل صرف مردوںکے لیے روانہ تھا بلکہ خوبصورت عورتیں مقدس بکروں کے ساتھ مجامعت کی خاطر پیش کی جاتی تھیں۔ بکرا اور سانڈ تخلیقی جنسی قوت کا نمائندہ تھا ۔ہندو عورتوںکی طرح مصری عورتیں بھی ان جانوروں کے اعضا کی ننگی شبیہیں مخصوص تہواروں میں اٹھاتیں اور ان سے رغبت اور محبت کا اظہار کرتیں ۔
عجائب گھر میں ملکی اوور غیر ملکی سیاحوں کے جتھوں کے جھتے داخل ہو رہے تھے...
The attachment system is thought to facilitate relationship goals by motivation seeking and bonding activities with significant others, particularly under times of stress (Bowlby, 1982). Attachment theory has also contributed to further understanding the marital relationship in terms of profound psychological and physiological interdependence. It is perhaps this interdependence that causes damage to the quality of attachment relationship. Hence, attachment injury is defined as “a specific incident or event in which one partner is unresponsive and inaccessible when one partner cries out for help in extreme need” (Johnson & Makinen, 2001). Therefore, marital distress or breakup in couple’s relationships does not happen suddenly, so understanding of attachment injury in relation to individual’s marital quality and attachment style would help practitioners to be equipped for appropriate and effective inventions. Further it would also help counsellors and mental health professionals to be familiar with the complexities of the topic by dealing with consequences of an attachment injury ethically and competently. Therefore our study aimed at examining the prevalence and nature of attachment injury and its effect on marital quality, in a group of married heterosexual couples. It also attempted to associate attachment styles with and without attachment injury in couples. The study employed cross-sectional exploratory design with a set of self-administered measures. The sample comprised of 400 married individuals from urban Bangalore. Statistical results showed those individuals who were experiencing attachment injury are associated with poor marital quality. It was also seen that attachment injury was found to be associated with gender and insecure attachment style. Therefore our findings suggest that poor marital quality with insecure attachment style plays an important role in attachment injury over time. Based on the attachment style, further intervention strategies and effective programs should be designed for marital counselling. And marital enrichment programs may be useful to enhance marital quality to prevent the marital distress or breakups.
For the virulence analysis of Puccinia /rilicina population and gene postulation In current genotypes of wheat against rust in Pakistan, two surveys were conducted during 2002·03 and 2003·04 in different districts of Sindh, Balochislan, Punjab and North West Province. The leaf rust incidence in Sindh province ranged from 30·42 percent during 2002·03 with severity ranged from 608·738. While during 2003·04 incidence ranged from 28·40 percent, with severity ranged from 45S· 80S. In Balochistan province one district was surveyed with 35 percent mean incidence and 64S severity during 2002·03 whilc 20 percent incidence with 40S severity was observed during 2003·04. In Punjab incidence ranged from 21·37 percent with mean severity 60S during 2002·03, whereas, incidence ranged from 20-42 percent with severity during 2003·04. In North West Province incidence ranged from 10·15 percent with mean severity 308 during 2002·03, while, incidence of I percent with mean severity 408 during 2003·04 was Oh''''''''MJM The virulence frequency in 2002·03 and 2003·4 was found in Pakistan for the genes Lr2a, Lr2b, Lr2c, Lr3, Lr3ka, Lr3bg, LrlO, Lrll, Lr14a, Lr14b, Lr15, 7, Lr18, Lr20, I, Lr23, Lr26, Lr30, Lr32, Lr33, Lr35, Lr37, LrB and Lr27+31. The virulence analysis of resistance genes in 8indh, Baluchistan, Punjab and NWFP during 2002·03 and 2003·04 showed virulence frequency 0·20 percent having the genes Lr9, Lrl9, Lr34 with the difference of genes Lr34 in Punjab only. The virulence frequencies different provinces viz. 8indh, Baluchistan, Punjab and NWFP for the Lrl, Lr2a, Lr2b, Lr2c, Lr3, Lr3ka, Lr3bg, LrlO, Lrll, Lrl3, Lrl4a, Lrl4b, Lrl5, Lr18, Lr20, Lr21, Lr23, Lr24, Lr25, Lr26, Lr27+31, Lr30, Lr32,Lr33, XII Lr35, Lr37 and LrB fell in the range of 51-100 percent. Among commercial varieties only the MaxiPak showed susceptibility at all the locations during 2002-03 and 2003- 04. A total of II genes, Lri (in 12 lines), Lr3 (4), Lr9 (2), LrlO (28), Lrl3 (27), Lrl4a (2), Lrl6 (9), Lrl7 (8), Lr23 (18), Lr26 (36), Lr27+31 (5) for leaf rust resistance were postulated either singly or in combination in 76 Pakistani wheats. Lr26 was the most frequent by Lr9 among the Pakistani wheats.