فاخرہریانوی (۱۹۰۱ء۔۱۹۷۷ء) کا اصل نام دین محمد تھا اور تخلص فاخرؔ تھا۔ فاخرؔ ہریانہ ضلع ہوشیا ر پور میں پیدا ہوئے۔ پنجاب یونیورسٹی سے ۱۹۳۱ء میں بی او ایل کیا۔ پھر پنجاب ایجوکیشن ڈیپارٹمنٹ سے ۱۹۳۵ء میں سینئر اینگلو ورینکولر کا سرٹیفکیٹ لیا۔ تعلیم کے بعد اردو مرکز لاہور میں ملازم ہو گئے۔ جگر مراد آبادی ،اصغر گونڈوی او ر یاس یگانہ چنگیزی بھی ان دنوں اس مرکز سے منسلک تھے۔ اصغر کے چلے جانے کے بعد فاخر کو اس ادارے کا ناظم بنا دیا گیا۔ فاخر نے کچھ عرصہ پنجاب لیجسلیٹو کونسل میں مترجم کی حیثیت سے بھی کام کیا۔ ۱۹۲۹ء میں فاخر شعبہ تعلیم میں چلے گئے۔ ملازمت کے سلسلے میں وہ بہت سے علاقوں میں رہے۔ اور آخر کار پسرور میں مستقل سکونت اختیار کی۔(۴۳۲)
’’موجِ صبا‘‘ فاخرؔ کا واحد شائع شدہ شعری مجموعہ ہے۔ جو فروری ۱۹۶۶ء میں ایوانِ ادب لاہور سے شائع ہوا۔ اس مجموعے کا دیباچہ پروفیسر حمید احمد خان نے لکھا ہے ۔ا س کی ترتیب میں ضیاء محمد ضیاء اور طاہر شادانی کی تلاش اور تفتیش شامل ہے۔ مرتبین نے اسے سات حصوں ،حمدیہ ،جذبات و افکار،رومان ،دیہاتی نغمے ،یادِ رفتگاں ،سیاسیات اور متفرقات میں تقسیم کیا ہے۔ یہ شعری مجموعہ ۲۴۰ صفحات پر مشتمل ہے۔ اس کی تفریظ ڈاکٹر وزیر آغا نے لکھی ہے۔ اشکِ عمل ان کا غیر مطبوعہ مجموعہ ہے۔فاخر نے سب سے پہلے مسدس حالی کی بحر میں اشکِ عمل قلمبند کروائی ہے۔ اول حصہ حمد باری تعالیٰ اور دوسرا حصہ حضورؐ کی زندگی سے متعلق اہم واقعات پر مشتمل ہے۔ ان میں تبلیغ اسلام فتح مکہ اور جنگ احد بالخصوص قابل ذکر ہیں- فاخرؔ نے قرآن مجید کا منظوم ترجمہ بھی کرنا شروع کیا لیکن ادھورا چھوڑ دیا۔ پھر ایام پیری میں دوبارہ اس کا م کا عزم کیا ۔قرآن مجید کی آیاتِ کریمہ کو بغیر قافیہ ردیف...
The paper sets out to discuss impact of socio-cultural barriers on social empowerment of rural women in term of decision making related to their personal as well as social life in Sahiwal division. Pakistan is a patriarchal society characterized by patri-local residence and exclusion of women from the right of inheritance and succession, which pave ways for male-headed society. In addition, socio-cultural factors strongly favour male-dominance and an inferior status of females in all walks of life. A quantitative approach was adopted for carrying out current study. A survey instrument was designed and employed for data collection from 384 respondents from rural areas of Sahiwal division. The findings of the study revealed that less than one third (31.25%) of the respondents were consulted in decision-making about domestic matters. Likewise, more than half (51.8%) of the respondents were not independent in moving out of home for meeting any social need. Similarly, more than one third (41.4%) of the respondents were not free to visit their friends in the neighborhood. The study concludes that women in the rural areas are less empowered and still suffering socially, economically and psychologically in their day to day life. The study provides an insight for professional social workers, policy makers and stakeholders in public and private sectors for influencing policy-making and planning for revisiting and redesigning existing policies and plans intended for empowerment of rural women in Pakistan
Ferrimagnetic bioactive glass ceramics are expected to be potential candidates for the hyperthermia treatment of cancer. When placed in an alternating magnetic field of high frequency, these materials generate heat energy by hysteresis and eddy current losses. Tumor cells usually perish around 43 °C due to the poorly developed nervous and circulatory system whereas healthy body cells remain unaffected at this temperature. Such materials should have the adequate ability to bond with the tissues (bioactivity). Much work has been done on Fe 3 O 4 containing glass ceramics for this purpose but present work is the first ever detailed study of its kind on ZnFe 2 O 4 containing ferrimagnetic bioactive glass ceramics for the hyperthermia treatment of cancer. Glass ceramics of the composition (%wt) xZnO • 25Fe 2 O 3 • (40 -x)SiO 2 • 25CaO • 7P 2 O 5 • 3Na 2 O were prepared by melt-quench method and subsequent sintering at 1100 °C. After sintering the materials were quenched to about -10 °C to cause ferrimagnetism by preserving the high temperature state of mixed spinels, i.e., random distribution of cations at tetrahedral (A) and octahedral (B) sites of the spinel lattice. Magnetic properties of ferrimagnetic materials were further enhanced by cooling the materials in an aligning magnetic field to cause anisotropy. XRD was used to study the crystalline phases in the materials. Magnetic properties of the materials were studied using VSM. The sample X10 (having 10% ZnO) exhibited the highest hysteresis area. Calorimetric properties were studied by placing the materials in a magnetic induction furnace. The sample X10 exhibited the best magnetic heat generation due to its highest hysteresis losses. Anisotropic materials showed better magnetic and calorimetric properties than the non-aligned materials. Materials were immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF) for 3 weeks to study the bioactivity. In Vitro characterization was carried out using XRD, FTIR, SEM, EDS, AAS & pH meter. The results confirmed that all samples were bioactive as layers of biological hydroxycarbonate apatite (HCA) appeared after 3 weeks. Sample X10 exhibited adequate bioactivity. Due to balanced calorimetric & biological properties, sample X10 was considered the potential material of choice to be used for the hyperthermia treatment of cancer as well as for re-enforcement of the damaged bones.