COMPARISON OF SCIATIC NERVE GLIDING AND LOWER EXTREMITY DYNAMIC STRETCH ON HAMSTRING FLEXIBILITY IN ATHLETES

Background: Hamstring muscles are targeted among football players. Sciatic nerve gliding improve hamstring flexibility among football players. Objective: To compare the effects of sciatic nerve gliding and lower extremity stretching on hamstring flexibility among football players. Methodology: In this randomized clinical trial 20 male athletes were selected which divided in two groups. One group was given sciatic nerve gliding while other lower extremity stretches. Athletes with age of 18-30 years, male foot ballers who regularly exercise 2 to 3 times a week for 30 minutes for 6 weeks were included. Goniometer was used to collect data by performing straight leg raise and Active knee extension test. Results: The results showed that the mean age and SD was 21.30±1.809. Comparison of treatment within group was checked by Wilcoxon Rank test showed significant results (P was less than 0.05 )and between group comparisons was checked by Mann Whitney test and found sciatic nerve gliding gave more improvement in Athletes performance (  p value was less than 0.05 for straight leg raising and active knee extension test. Conclusion: It was concluded that sciatic nerve gliding gave more effective results than lower stretching in increasing hamstring flexibility among football players.

Multidimensional Process Models for Seeded Batch Crystallization

This contribution focuses on the modeling and numerical approxima- tion of population balance models describing batch and polymorphic crystallization processes. Such processes have wide range applica- tions inne chemicals, pharmaceutical, minerals, and food indus- tries. Di erent numerical techniques are employed for solving these models in one and two property coordinates. The space-time CE/SE method and the semi-discrete upwindnite volume schemes are de- rived and implemented to solve the batch crystallization models with nes dissolution. Thene dissolution reduces undesirable small crys- tals and improves the quality of a product. A delay in the recycle pipe is also included in the model. Apart from the above mentioned methods, a new numerical technique is introduced to solve a model describing polymorphic crystallization of L-glutamic acid. The sug- gested technique employs together the method of characteristics and Duhamel''s principle to approximate the considered model e ciently and accurately. This technique has capability to produce accurate results on coarse meshes and no mesh re nement technique is needed for further improvement in the results. Furthermore, an alternative bivariate quadrature method of moments (QMOM) is developed for solving two-dimensional batch crystallization model involving crys- tals growth, nucleation, aggregation, and small nuclei dissolution in an external loop. The quadrature points and weights are obtained by using the orthogonal polynomials of lower order moments. Several case studies are carried out. The numerical computations demonstrate the eficiency, accuracy, and robustness of the proposed schemes. The results agree with the experimental predictions and could be used for process design and optimization.