مولانا عبدالحفیظ بلیاوی
ابھی چند روز ہوئے (۲۶ ؍جولائی کو) مولانا عبدالحفیظ صاحب بلیاوی بھی ہم کوداغِ مفارقت دے گئے۔انا ﷲ وانا الیہ راجعون۔ مرحوم دارالعلوم دیوبند کے قدیم فارغ التحصیل تھے اوراب ادھر ایک عرصہ سے ندوۃ العلماء لکھنؤ میں عربی زبان وادب اوردوسرے علوم وفنون دینیہ کے نامور استاد تھے۔استعداد بڑی پختہ تھی اورمطالعہ وسیع تھا۔عربی زبان وادب کاذوق فطری تھا جس کی شاہد عدل ان کی مشہور متداول کتاب ’’مصباح اللغات ‘‘مطبوعہ مکتبہ برہان ہے اور جس پران کو وزارت تعلیم اور یوپی گورنمنٹ کی طرف سے انعامات بھی ملے تھے۔ طبعاً بڑے متواضع، خوددار اور خلیق و ملنسار تھے۔ ابھی گزشتہ مئی کی ۱۷؍ تاریخ کوان کی قیام گاہ پران سے ملاقات ہوئی تھی ۔چند ماہ سے بیمار تھے لیکن اس وقت اس کا خیال بھی نہیں تھاکہ یوم موعود اتنا قریب ہے۔ اﷲ تعالیٰ ابرار وصلحا ء کامقام جلیل عطا فرمائے ۔آمین [اگست ۱۹۷۱ء]
In 20’ century, everywhere in the world there is Muslim majority playing importa nt role in world, because it was over served and counted that every fifth man is Muslim. It is also a challenges for non-Muslim who are master of worldtche European land is the land of modernization, there are about in million Muslims. In America there are also over a thousand marques and Islamic organizations. Islam is creating Islamic world in central Asia. After disintegration n of USSR iii DS state such as Kaz, akhstan, Kyrg yzstan, Uzf›ekistan, Turkmenistan and Tajikistan. In fact Islam ii iR second religion most predominate religion after catholic. In Britain ñfuifims are demanding Islamic education. The sfnmic society strength the powerful secufarism in capitalist’s work and trended society as modern. The Muslims are model of world they base on Eurocentric social, politest, economic and cultural premises, progress, modernizing, traditions, secularities, liberalism, humanity and freedom. The Islamic political and social society stand in 7" century, the y believe iii God and red Quran, Islam separated religion from politics and brought peace for all as secular. Muslim are present and living according the teaching of Islam and playing important role in international world politics or international relations. Furthermore, the wars, nationalism, nation, states and human rights in all Islam impact is very much concert The politics, economic, social concern as religion n terminology y or image, more ever universal issues such as social justice, local legitimating and defending the home land are lies on the Islamic politics. The interest in religion and culture are the important factors in international relations.
Fresh water scarcity has attracted farming communities to utilize wastewater for irrigation. Municipal wastewater (MW) enriched with diverse contaminants including heavy metals is still preferred due to higher concentration of plant nutrients, continuous availability and low cost. Vegetables irrigated with such water usually contain high contents of heavy metals, which are considered harmful for consumers. Treated wastewater application for irrigation of vegetables can be an effective strategy to minimize health risks associated with the consumption of contaminated vegetables. Present study was conducted at Pir Mehr Ali Shah, Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi Pakistan with two cultivars of spinach and lettuce. Municipal wastewater was collected following standard procedures from Nullah Lei, Gawalmandi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan and it was treated with two types of trickling filters (TFs) i.e. (1) BT using biological (rice husk, corn cob and wheat straw) and (2) PT using physical (sand, medium, fine and very fine gravel) substrates. Physico-chemical characteristics of all irrigation treatments and soils were determined with (MF, PTF, BTF, TWF and GF) and without NPK supplementation (MW, PT, BT, TW and GW). Leafy vegetables i.e. lettuce [leaf (L1), ice-berg (L2)] and spinach [desi palak (S1), lahori palak (S2)] were analyzed for metal accumulation in roots and leaves, plant growth/productivity and biochemical parameters in all treatments. Physico-chemical parameters (pH, NO31-N, COD, PO43-) and five heavy metals (Ni, Mn, Cu, Co and Cd) exceeded irrigation standards in MW whereas the rest of the six parameters and seven metals were within allowable limits. Physico-chemical parameters of correspondingly irrigated soils were within safer limits of soil standards except two metals (Cu and xxi Cd) which were above safer limits due to wastewater irrigation. Among studied vegetables higher metal accumulation was recorded in S1 (Pb, Co, Zn) and S2 roots (Ni, Cu, Cr) in MW and MF treatments respectively compared to control treatments. Higher accumulation in leaves was found in S1 (Pb, Mn, Cr) and S2 (Ni, Zn, Fe, Cu, Co, Cd) in MW and MF respectively. Bioconcentration factor (BCF) for all metals was recorded higher in all vegetables roots in MW whereas S1 (MW) and S2 (MF) leaves in respective treatments. Significant human health risk is speculated on ingesting heavy metal hyperaccumulating S1 and S2 in MW and MF treatments respectively. The BT treated water showed remarkable reduction in all physico-chemical parameters, particularly heavy metals compared to PT and values of studied parameters closely matched with TW. All studied soil parameters in PT, PTF, BT, BTF, TW and TWF were found within safe limits due to irrigation with treated water. Root and leaf metal accumulation was again recorded higher for S1 and S2 in PT and PTF treatments compared to BT, BTF, TWF and TW revealing better wastewater treatment efficiency in trickling filter containing biological substrates. Similarly BCF for metals and health risks in adults and children were only found in spinach in PT and PTF treatments while no risk was found in BT and TW treatments. Lettuce was found less metal hyperaccumulating compared to spinach. In this study, fertigative efficacy of municipal wastewater (MW) was recorded but at the cost of human health risk and risk pattern was; S2>S1>L1>L2.