آہ! مولانا ضیاء الدین اصلاحی ؒ
دارالمصنفین کے ناظم اور معارف کے مدیر جناب مولانا ضیاء الدین اصلاحی ۲؍ فروری ۲۰۰۸ء کی صبح کو اپنے خالق حقیقی کے حضور پہنچ کر اس کی رحمت سے جاملے لیکن اپنے پیچھے دارالمصنفین کے ہر فرد بلکہ در و دیوار کو روتا، بلکتا چھوڑ گئے، شبلی و سلیمان کا یہ گلشن ویرانی کی تصویر بن گیا، اس جہاں علم و دانش کی روح بھی جیسے ان کی موت کے ساتھ رخصت ہوگئی اور سچ یہ ہے کہ علامہ شبلیؒ، مولانا سید سلیمان ندویؒ، مولانا شاہ معین الدین ندویؒ اور سید صباح الدین عبدالرحمانؒ کی قابل فخر روایات کی مسند اور بزم جس شمع سے روشن تھی، ایک حادثے نے اس کو گل کردیا، اِنا ﷲ وَاِنا اِلیہ رَاجِعونْ۔
مولانا اصلاحی ۳؍ جنوری کو سفر حج سے واپس آئے تھے اور بالکل چاق چوبند اور صحت مند تھے، یکم فروری کو وہ اپنی اہلیہ کے ہمراہ ایک عزیز سے ملنے کے لئے سرائے میر کے قریب موضع کھریواں کے لئے قریب ساڑھے نو بجے صبح روانہ ہوئے، جمعہ کا دن تھا، خطبہ اور نماز پڑھانے کے لئے مجھے تاکید فرمائی، عین نماز جمعہ سے پہلے یہ خبر ملی کہ ان کی جیپ حادثہ کا شکار ہوگئی ہے اور وہ صدر اسپتال میں زخمی حالت میں لائے گئے ہیں، نماز کے فوراً بعد ان کے تمام متعلقین اسپتال پہنچے، وہ سراپا زخمی تھے، ان کی اہلیہ بھی زخمی تھیں، لیکن ہوش میں تھیں، مشورے کے بعد وہ ایک مقامی سرجن ڈاکٹر فرقان کے ہسپتال میں لائے گئے، خون بہت زیادہ نکل چکا تھا، خون دیا گیا اور پھر مناسب سمجھا گیا کہ ان کو فوراً بنارس کے بی ایچ یو ہسپتال میں منتقل کیا جائے، وہاں کچھ ضروری ٹسٹ ہوئے، دوائیں بھی دی گئیں لیکن افاقے کے آثار نہیں تھے، صبح کا...
This research presents an overview of the principle of accountability of the executive in an Islamic state. The existence and survival of any state is not sustainable without process of accountability as per the law of the land and the provision of the constitution. The elite class was exempted from any sort of accountability and treated above the law in pre-Islamic period whereas man in the street was dealt with strict compliance of rules and regulations. This paper has provided strong evidence from the perspective of historical research that the executive in the Islamic state has not been exempted from the process of transparent of accountability. Moreover, this article also builds up strong argument in light of Quran and Sunnah as well as line of action adopted by orthodox caliphs. It also highlights various incidents of accountability and legal precedence that occurred during Khilafat e Rashda and post era as well.
Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) enzymes are ubiquitous in plant kingdom that catalyzes the oxidation of phenols to highly reactive quinones. PPO plays important role in plant defense mechanisms against biotic and abiotic stresses but the regulation of PPO promoter in response to stresses remains unclear. Here, Oryza sativa polyphenol oxidase (OsPPO) promoter was fused separately to β-glucuronidase (GUS) and firefly Luciferase (LUC) reporter genes. Agrobacterium strain GV3101 harbouring OsPPOLUC and OsPPOGUS (separate clones) was used to transform Arabidopsis by floral dip method. T1 transgenic seeds were used to obtain T2 lines which were finally checked for the effects of wounding, ABA, MJA applications and drought as well as salt stress on PPO regulation. Expressional profiling of OsPPO promoter by real- time (RT-PCR) in transgenic Arabidopsis has revealed a higher level (11 folds) of expression by wounding. However, OsPPO promoter was also expressed in response to ABA by an induction of 3 fold but it was not induced by MJA. ABA plant hormone which regulates key processes biotic and abiotic stresses ultimately triggering plant defense related genes. ABA and wound inducibility of OsPPO promoter is a strong indicative of its role in plant defense mechanism against biotic and abiotic stresses. Moreover, transgenic T2 plants were also screened against different concentrations of osmotic stress (PEG-6000) and salt (NaCl). Experimental data showed that relative GUS expression of OsPPO gene promoter increased with the increase of osmotic stress. In case of salt stress, OsPPO induction showed similar trend and GUS expression was increased as salt concentration increased. This response of OsPPO to drought and salt stress suggest the x xpossible participation of PPO in plants defense against drought as well as salt stress. Moreover, OsPPO promoter sequence was computationally analyzed by Signal Scan (PLACE), which indicated the presence of different cis- regulatory elements, for example wound responsive elements, ABA signaling complexes responsive to drought and salt responsive regulatory elements. During in vivo experimental work, the induction and expression of reporter genes proved the presence and functioning of these cis-regulatory elements. In summary the role of OsPPO in wounding, ABA application, drought and salt stresses, and the subsequent OsPPO promoter induction indicates that these stresses induce PPO expression in plants as a defense mechanism.