لارڈ کارنیوورن
فرانسیسی ماہرین مصریات کا خیال ہے کہ لکسر میں جو مقبرہ برآمد ہوا ہے وہ نوتن خیمن کا نہیں ہے، بلکہ اس کے دوسرے جانشین ہارن ہیب کا ہے، حال ہی میں پروفیسر اڈورڈ نوبلے نے پیرس کی مجلس علمی کے سامنے اس موضوع پر ایک عالمانہ لکچر دیا اور اس میں اپنے اس دعویٰ کو ثابت کیاہے، اور بتایا ہے کہ ۱۹۰۸ء میں ایک امریکن نے ہارن ہیب کے مقبرہ کے نام سے جو جگہ دریافت کی تھی، دراصل وہی نوتن خیمن کا مقبرہ ہے۔
اسی سلسلہ میں یہ معلوم کرنا سخت افسوس ناک ہے کہ اس اکتشاف کے روح رواں لارڈ کارنیوورن کا مصر ہی میں بخار سے انتقال ہوگیا، اس پر تمام حلقوں میں عجیب چہ میگوئیاں ہورہی ہیں، چنانچہ بہت سے روحانیت کے قائل لوگوں کا خیال ہے کہ فرعون کی لاش کی کوئی ہمزاد حفاظت کرتا تھا یا اس پر کچھ نقوش اس قسم کے تھے جن کا اثر لارڈ موصوف پر مہلک ثابت ہوا۔ (مئی ۱۹۲۳ء)
The Poem “Ya Salikayah” is a collection of verses. Hazrat Makhdoom Muhammad Hashim Thattavi has compiled it and the main thing is that he has compiled these verses by in keeping with the literature and eloquence and rules. Such a compilation is not just a matter of every ordinary person rather, this work can be done by a person who is well aware of the rules of making of poetry and verses. Hazrat Makhdoom Muhammad Hashim Thattavi was well aware of these rules but he had mastered it. The thesis writer has described the expression style and thoughts of Hazrat Makhdoom Muhammad Hashim Thattavi in his thesis and also tried to prove that Hazrat Makhdoom Muhammad Hashim Thattavi had special kind of proficiency in Arabic despite he was Non-Arab which can be seen in his these verses. These verses show the special style of Hazrat Makhdoom Muhammad Hashim Thattavi which thesis writer has proven and also proved that he has compiled this collection of verses in the best style. According to the research of thesis writer this poem is not still in the form of a book but in the form of a pen and paper format. And thesis writer has also tried to prove that the thoughts which are in these verses belong to Hazrat Makhdoom Thattavi himself. He used to shape thoughts into ideas before compiling these verses and then used to put his sincere poetry in it and compile it. It is estimated from these verses that it is affected when the audience hears and reads these verses.
This mixed study examined the associations and effect of primary school teachers’ intrinsic and extrinsic motivation towards their performance assessed by respective head-teachers. The multi-stage random sampling involved 348 teacher-respondents and 40 head-teachers of District Hyderabad, Sindh. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected through adapted questionnaires having 48 five-point Likert-scale items and three open-ended questions. Data were analyzed through SPSS package of 16.00 for descriptive and inferential statistical analyses at 0.05 confidence-intervals. Descriptive statistics revealed that teachers ranked their intrinsic motivation better (mean ranged1.62 to 2.18 for 11items) against extrinsic motivation (mean ranged from 2.50 to 3.97 for 14 items).Teachers’ 13 performance items did not catch supporting evidence i.e. means ranged from 1.93 to 3.97 (with 2.82 mean of means) which is disappointing one. Regarding multiple linear regression, intrinsic and extrinsic motivation significantly and moderately predicted respondents’ performance, R=.299a, r2=.290 (adjusted r2=.284), F(2, 245)=16.979, p<.001.They accounted for 29.9% variability in respondents’ performance showing better effect (unstandard beta=.306 or 30%) of extrinsic motivation t(345)=3.926, p=.000 against intrinsic one (unstandard beta=.200 or 20%)t(345)=3.926, p=.001.Regression analysis of demographical predictors reveal unsatisfactory picture despite being significant (p=.000a) with moderate level of correlation, R=.521a, r2=.272 (adjusted r2=.239), F(15, 332)=8.265, p<.001.Only two predictors i.e. xiv teaching experience and average education of family members got significant beta coefficients and p-values (p=<.05) while others (13) discarded. Difference regarding independent-samples t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) reveal that females; widow/widower/divorced; teachers with no other source of income; and teachers with higher academic qualifications, professional qualifications, age, and monthly salary obtain statistically significant and better performance than their counterparts. Feasible suggestions collected through open-ended questions are incorporated in recommendations. Key words: intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, primary school teachers’ performance,