کرم مجھ پر بھی اے فخرِ بشرؐ کر دے
خذف ہوں اک نظر کرکے گہر کر دے
سیہ راتیں لہو میں دوڑتی ہیں اب
من آنگن میں کبھی آکر سحر کر دے
میں جلوہ ہائے شہرِ علم پا لُوں گا
مگر پہلے عیاں اسرارِ در کر دے
ہو نقشِ پا ترا مسجودِ چشمِ تر
اِسی صورت بصارت معتبر کر دے
ثنا کی رُت قلم پر بھیج کر اب کے
مری شاخِ سُخن کو باثمر کر دے
An Efforts to improve the morality of learners are always conducted in education. Educational institutions are morally obligated to increase personality development of their students. SDN Inpres Bumi Bahari Kec. Palu Barat through the implementation of school rules, intends to form the character of learners. This circumstance is the basis of this research. This research based on descriptive qualitative methods. The Source of data obtained from principals, teachers, and Learners. This research used varieties methods such as observation, interviews, and documentations in data collecting process. Furthermore, data that has been netted, analyzed using data reduction techniques, data display, and data verification. The results of the study concluded that the application of school rules can shape the behavior of learners to be a good personality. The behavior of learners is directed towards moral learner. The process of character building of learners finds some barriers because learners have a different understanding of school rules order. In addition, many students have a strong influence of the habits they bring from their homes, so they are not familiar with the rules set by their school.
Actinomycetes are a facultative thermophilic group of gram-positive bacteria which produce antibiotics and a range of hydrolytic enzymes including amylases, proteases and lipases. Some Actinomycetes are pathogenic but the majority is saprophytic inhabiting soil, water plants and other habitats, where they play an important role in soil structure and composition. In the present study, bacterial strains from three soil samples obtained from a hot water stream were screened for their potential to produce α -amylase. Out of twenty isolated strains, four were selected due to their amylase producing ability as determined through production of a zone of hydrolysis. These strains were identified by morphology, biochemical tests and PCR amplification. Bacterial strain W1 giving a 3.8 mm zone of hydrolysis was identified to be Actinomycete and N3, U1, and U4 giving 3.6, 3.8 and 3.6 mm zones of hydrolysis, respectively were identified as Bacilli. Growth of Actinomycete and amylase production was optimized on four different nutrient media. Highest growth and amylase activity( 3.882 OD and 132.3 AU, respectively after 72 hours at 60oC) were obtained by using medium-4. Conditions for the maximum production of amylase in submerged culture fermentation were optimized using medium-4. It was found that by using 5% inoculum of 30 hours age, amylase activity of 140.8 AU was obtained. Optimization of agitation speed (150 rpm), temperature (60 oC), pH (7.5), starch (2.5 %) and glucose (3%) increased activity from 140.8 AU to 162.4 AU. Growth and amylase production were then optimized by using agro-industrial waste as sole source of carbon and nitrogen in the modified AGS medium. Nine agro-industrial wastes namely soybean meal, wheat bran, peanut meal, mustard meal, sunflower meal, linseed meal, cottonseed meal, corn meal and molasses were used individually and in combinations to optimize amylase production. Soybean meal and wheat bran were found to be more effective nutrient sources with amylolytic activities of 176.2 AU and 171.6 AU respectively. Soybean meal in combination with molasses at 2:1 ratio were found to bethe best carbon and nitrogen sources giving amylolytic activity of 230.6 AU. In solid state fermentation, maximum amylolytic activity( 186.2 AU) was obtained by using wheat bran and molasses in 2:1 ratio at 55oC after 72 hours of incubation. The enzyme was purified 24-fold by acetone precipitation and gel filtration. Single peak during gel filtration indicated presence of only one type of alpha-amylase. Crude and partially purified enzyme find vital application in desizing of cotton cloth. Desizing of cotton pieces 15x15 cm by acid hydrolysis (0.1 M HCl) resulted in 0.7725g removal of starch. This value served as standard for 100% starch removal. Crude enzyme gave 98.39% removal after 90 minutes of soaking at pH 7.0. However, 98.92 % removal was achieved with partially purified enzyme after 60 minutes of soaking. Optimization of temperature and pH revealed that 100 % desizing was obtained at pH 6.0 when incubated at 60oC for 60 minutes. Studies proved to be successful in utilizing agro-industrial waste for producing thermostable alpha-amylase from Thermoactenomyces sacchari and its application as a desizer. The process is recommended for large production of thermostable alpha-amylase in the future.