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Home > A Study into the Working Relationship Among Various Components of Training and Visit Programme in District Dera Ghazi Khan Masters Thesis

A Study into the Working Relationship Among Various Components of Training and Visit Programme in District Dera Ghazi Khan Masters Thesis

Thesis Info

Author

Malik Amjad Iqbal

Program

MSc

Institute

Allama Iqbal Open University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

1991

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

91

Subject

Agriculture & Related Technologies

Language

English

Other

Call No: 630.72 AMS; Publisher: Agriculture University

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-02-17 21:08:06

ARI ID

1676709563207

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احترام اساتذہ

احترام اسا تذہ
نحمدہ ونصلی علی رسولہ الکریم امّا بعد فاعوذ بااللہ من الشیطن الرجیم
بسم اللہ الرحمن الرحیم
معززا ساتذہ کرام اور میرے ہم مکتب ساتھیو!
آج مجھے جس موضوع پر اظہار خیال کرنا ہے وہ ہے:’’احترام ِاساتذہ‘‘
صدرِذی وقار!
اساتذہ کا مقام و مرتبہ ہر شخص سمجھتا ہے کہ کیا ہے، اساتذہ کا وجود و مسعود بنی نوع انسان کے لیے ایک نعمتِ غیر مترقبہ ہے، اسا تذہ تعمیرِ شخصیت میں بڑا اہم کردار ادا کر تے ہیں، اسا تذہ کی محبت و شفقت ایک طالب علم کو مقامِ ارفع واعلیٰ پرمتمکن کر دیتی ہے، اساتذہ کا ساتھ میدانِ حیات کی ہر رکاوٹ ختم کر کے منزل مقصود تک رسائی آسان کر دیتا ہے۔
محترم صدر!
اس معاشرے کے اہم رکن بنانے میں کردار اساتذہ کا ہی ہوتا ہے، ادارے کا اہم سربراہ تشکیل دینے میں اساتذہ کی شخصیت شاملِ حال ہوتی ہے، اہم سیاستدان بن کر عوام النّاس کی خدمت کرنے میں کسی نہ کسی استاد کا رول ہوتا ہے، جواسے اس مقام ِرفیعہ پر پہنچا تا ہے، زمین کی پیمائش سے لے کر آسمان کی بلندیوں پر محو پرواز ہونے کے لیے بھی کسی نہ کسی استادمحتر م کی مساعی جمیلہ سے صرف نظرنہیں کیا جاسکتا۔
جنابِ صدر!
کامیابیوں کے حسین و جمیل راستے انھی خوش نصیبوں کا انتظار کرتے ہیں جن کے دلوں میں اساتذہ کا احترام ہوتا ہے، بد نصیب لوگ وہی ہوتے ہیں جن کے دلوں میں اساتذہ کی محبت و احترام نہیں ہوتا۔ اسا تذہ کا خلوص نیت سے احترام کرنے والے قلاش و نادار لوگوں کے لیے عہد ہمایوں زیادہ فاصلے پرنہیں ہوتا۔
معزز سامعین !
معلم طالب علم کا روحانی باپ ہوتا ہے، حقیقی باپ اسے آسمان سے زمین پر لاتا ہے جبکہ روحانی باپ اسے زمین کی گہرائیوں سے اٹھا کر آسمان...

Effect of Microwave Power and Time on Total Phenolic Contents and Antioxidant Characteristics of Microwave Assisted Extracts of Watermelon Rind Powder Microwave Assisted Extracts of Watermelon Rind Powder

Watermelon is gaining importance as a functional food due to its therapeutic effect. The therapeutic effect of watermelon has been reported and has been attributed to antioxidant constitutes. The major component in watermelon rind is citrulline that has a strong antioxidant effect which protect body from free-radical damage. Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of microwave powers (150 W, 300 W & 450 W) and time intervals (1, 3 & 5 minutes) on total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) and antioxidant characteristics i.e. DPPH and ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) of microwave assisted extracts of watermelon rind powder. Methods: The extracts collected after Microwave assisted extraction (MAE) of watermelon rind wereanalyzed for their antioxidant potential through different tests including total phenolic contents (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), DPPH assayand FRAP. Results: Microwave assisted extraction by using ethanol as a solvent at different microwave powers and various time intervals showed that total antioxidant potential was significantly higher at low microwave power such as TPC ranges obtained at 150W for 1, 3 & 5 minutes of time intervals show ranges (159.84, 160.04 & 169.71 mg GAE/100 g). While TFC ranges at 150W for time 1, 3 & 5 minutes were (21.31, 24.15 & 42.20 mg CEQ/100g) whereas DPPH ranges at 150W for time 1, 3 & 5 minutes were (53.14, 54.87 & 68.17 % ascorbic acid inhibition) and FRAP values at 150W for time 1, 3 & 5 minutes were (201.71, 221.50 & 326.43 mg FE/100g). While high microwave power 450W can result in disruption of some antioxidants at various time intervals. Conclusions: Watermelon rind is a rich source of many antioxidants andmicrowave assisted extraction technique should be implemented in the food and nutraceutical industries and microwave assisted extracts of watermelon rind should be utilize for the development of new functional food to combat many health related problems

Automated Testing of Object Oriented Systems Using Vdm++ and Uml Communication Diagrams

The rapidly growing applications of software in critical systems such as railways, aviation, automobiles, and medicine, demand a much higher level of reliability and error- free operation. The use of formal methods in such applications not only helps avoid specification errors, ambiguities, and inconsistencies in early phases of software life cycle, but also provides a sound basis for generation of an effective set of test cases. However, the existing research on formal specification based testing has focused on unit level testing only. This research is aimed at automating the generation of class level as well as integration level test cases for an object-oriented system using formal specifications. We use VDM++ formal specification language for this purpose. As a result of our research, we present a framework, called SpecTGS, that automatically generates specification based test cases for object-oriented systems using VDM++ as the specification language. For class testing, the SpecTGS uses the trace structure definition of a VDM++ class specification to derive allowable method call sequences, and partition analysis to generate test data. For integration testing, we have proposed a novel idea that extracts testing information from the VDM++ specification and UML communication diagrams. The SpecTGS derives message sequences from a UML communication diagram, and uses the VDM++ specification to construct state invariants for the states in which a class can receive a message. A new strategy for constructing sub-states from a state invariant called partitioned boundary state coverage that combines two existing strategies, i.e. partition ivanalysis strategy and the boundary state coverage strategy. Each message sequence generated from the UML communication diagrams is combined with the sub-states to construct a test model. The test model is then used to derive the test paths under various coverage criteria. A proof-of-concept tool has been developed to implement and evaluate the SpecTGS framework. The results for the integration testing approach have been shown for a real-life case study selected from the literature.