Search or add a thesis

Advanced Search (Beta)
Home > A Study of Availability and Use of Facilities for Practical Work in Science at Secondary Level in Private Sector School 0F District Haripur

A Study of Availability and Use of Facilities for Practical Work in Science at Secondary Level in Private Sector School 0F District Haripur

Thesis Info

Author

Khurshid Anwar Khan

Supervisor

Fazal-Ur-Rehman

Institute

Allama Iqbal Open University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2002

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

92

Subject

Science

Language

English

Other

Call No: 507 KHS; Publisher: Aiou

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-02-17 21:08:06

ARI ID

1676709564109

Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

Join our Whatsapp Channel to get regular updates.

Similar


Loading...
Loading...

Similar Books

Loading...

Similar Chapters

Loading...

Similar News

Loading...

Similar Articles

Loading...

Similar Article Headings

Loading...

روش صدیقی

روش صدیقی
افسوس ہے گزشتہ ماہ جناب روش صدیقی بھی رہ گزائے عالم جادوانی ہوگئے۔ مرحوم بلند پایہ اورصاحب فن شاعرتھے۔ان کی شہرت کا آغاز رومانی نظموں سے ہوا جو اس زمانہ کے مشہور ادبی رسالوں میں بڑے اہتمام سے چھپتی تھیں اورجنہیں وہ اپنی خاص پرجوش آواز میں لہرالہراکر پڑھتے تھے۔بعد میں ان کی شاعری حکمت وفلسفہ اورانسانی ووطنی مسائل وآلام کی ترجمان بن گئی لیکن ان کا کلام غامض اور دقیق ہوتاتھااورالفاظ اورتراکیب پرشکوہ وباوقار،طبیعت میں روانی اورجدت پسندی بلا کی تھی۔اخلاقی اعتبار سے بڑے باوضع،ملنسار اورمذہبی حیثیت سے صوم وصلوٰۃ کے اورارادو وظائف تک کے پابند تھے۔انتقال سے چھ سات روزپہلے(۱۴/جنوری)کوشام کے وقت نئی دہلی کے ریلوے اسٹیشن پر اچانک ملاقات ہوگئی توحسب معمول بڑے تپاک سے ملے اورمعانقہ کیا۔کافی ہشاش بشاش اورمگن تھے۔اس وقت اس کاوہم وگمان بھی نہیں ہو سکتا تھا کہ اس عالم آب وگل میں وہ بس اب چندروز کے اورمہمان ہیں اوران سے یہ آخری دید و شنید ہے۔شاہ جہاں پور کے ایک مشاعرے میں گئے تھے وہیں دل کادورہ ہوا اور جاں بحق ہوگئے۔اﷲ تعالیٰ ان کی قبر کو ٹھنڈی رکھے اوران کے پسماندگان کا حامی وناصرہو۔آمین [فروری۱۹۷۱ء]

 

MACRO APPROACH IN NATIONAL EDUCATION SYSTEM

Macro approach in the national education is both organization empowering and education process. Education excuting organization has coverage and autonomous that it can accommodate society need in every situation. The education process is carried out openly to inlarge inputs from society. The education process is carried out by instilling a sense of excellence to face global challenges, while at the same time trying to make educational institutions the center of civilization. All that requires educational innovation that focuses on curriculum renewal, teaching materials, evaluation systems, building repairs and construction, etc. Teachers as education personnel have a central role in administering an education system. By becoming a teacher, someone expects to be able to obtain adequate compensation for the necessities of life. In motivation theory, the provision of appropriate rewards and punishments, can affect the performance and quality of work.

Interference Avoidance Routing for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

Packets routing in underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSN) is challenged by the interference generated during packets forwarding by sensor nodes. The lost packets result in wastage of nodes’ battery power in that their retransmission consumes additional power. In order to overcome this challenge, design of interference avoidance routing is one of the promising solutions. Such a routing ensures that the ultimate destination receives packets along the trajectories with the least interference. In this study, three interference avoidance routing protocols: EEIRA (energy efficient interference and route aware), EEIAR (energy efficient interference aware routing) and LF-IEHM (localization-free interference and energy hole minimization), are proposed for UWSN. Network architectures are developed for the deployment of sensor nodes. Classification and review of the novel network, MAC and cross layers protocols are accomplished. The EEIRA protocol involves a unique network architecture and selects the shortest routes with the least interference during packets forwarding towards the ultimate destination. Sensor nodes localization; which involves knowing the three dimensional coordinates of sensor nodes, for the computation of the shortest path in EEIRA is relaxed in EEIAR. The EEIAR also forwards packets along the shortest and the least interference paths using its unique network architecture. However, selection of such paths is based on depth (one dimensional position or single coordinate of the nodes). Localization is difficult to achieve because currents in water make the nodes to change positions. It also consumes extra energy. The LF-IEHM protocol uniquely uses variable transmission range and packet holding time. The variable transmission range avoids the situation when a sensor node does not find any neighbor node for data forwarding that results in packet loss. Also, every node holds a packet for a uniquely chosen packet holding time to minimize simultaneous transmission of packets by sensor nodes. This strategy minimizes interference and the resulting packet loss. Contrary to the conventional approach of route selection that involves coordinates for position specification of nodes, the LF-IEHM uses water pressure a sensor node bears in combination with waiting time to select routing paths. Simulation results reveal that all the three protocols outperform the counterpart schemes in terms of the mentioned performance parameters.