لے ڈوبا مجھے میرا موبائل
نحمدہ ونصلی علی رسولہ الکریم امّا بعد فاعوذ بااللہ من الشیطن الرجیم
بسم اللہ الرحمن الرحیم
معزز اسا تذہ کرام اور میرے ہم مکتب شاہینو!آج مجھے جس موضوع پر لب کشائی کا موقع دیا گیا ہے وہ ہے:’’لے ڈوبا مجھے میرا موبائل ‘‘
جنابِ صدر!
سائنسی ایجادات نے تہلکہ مچا رکھا ہے، زندگی کو رنگینیاں عطا کی ہیں ، زندگی کو رعنائیاں نصیب ہوئی ہیں زندگی کے گلشن میں بہار آئی ہے، زندگی کے حسن میں نکھار آیا ہے، زندگی کے بادل گھٹابن کر برسے ہیں۔
صدرِذی وقار!
زندگی نئے نہج پر رواں دواں ہے، گھر بیٹھے ہزاروں میل دور کے نظارے کر رہے ہیں ، فلک بوس چوٹیوں کے منظر دیکھ رہے ہیں، مہینوں کا کام گھنٹوں میں کر رہے ہیں ، کوسوں دور بیٹھے عزیز واقارب سے نہ صرف بات کررہے ہیں بلکہ ان کی تصویربھی دیکھ رہے ہیں۔
صدرِ ذی وقار!
یہ سب کچھ سائنسی ایجادات کی بدولت ہے لیکن سہولتوں کے ساتھ ساتھ کچھ ایسی ایجادات بھی ہیں جس نے زندگی اجیرن کر رکھی ہے ، سکون برباد کر رکھا ہے، شرفاء کی کشتی بحر ذلت و رسوائی میں ٹامکٹوئیاں مارہی ہے، شرم و حیاء کا لباس اتر چکا ہے، سرکردہ لوگوں کی دستار کا طرہ نظر آنا بند ہو گیا ہے۔
جنابِ صدر!
ان جدید ایجادات میں ایک ایجاد ایسی ہے جس کو موبائل کہتے ہیں، میں مانتا ہوں کہ یہ نفسہٖ بری نہیں ہے ، یہ بذاتِ خود غیر اہم نہ ہے، اس کی افادیت بھی مسلمہ ہے، اس کے فوائد بھی گوناگوں ہیں لیکن اس کے غلط استعمال نے اس کی افادیت کے ماہِ ضوفشاں کو گہنا دیا ہے۔
جنابِ صدر!
موبائل آج ہر گھر میں ہے، ہرشخص کے پاس تقریباً موجود ہے، اس موبائل نے بجائے محبت و مودت...
Menstruation is a normal physiological process unique to females. Pre-menarche is characterized by physiological, cognitive, and psychological transitions which may be initiated from the midst of their second decade. The onset of puberty/ menstruation in girls tends to change their role in society. Overall inadequate awareness levels accompanied by socio-cultural taboos and prevailing myths and misconceptions about menarche and menstruation have played havoc on human society. Objective: To diagnose and compare the prevailing level ofknowledge, attitude, and practices of adolescent girls studying in government and private schoolstowards menstrual hygiene and management. Methods: This Analytical and cross-sectional study was conducted at Government Jouhar Girls High School and Shiblee Grammar School System, Gulberg Branch (private) Faisalabad. A self-administered survey-based questionnaire was developed. Prior formal written approval from school authorities was followed by the pre-planned scheduled visits, explaining the purpose of the study, assuring confidentiality of acquired information, and self-administration of survey-based questionnaires. Results: The results indicated that the mean age at menarches of the girls was 13.69±0.95 years. A relatively more percentage of government (59.6%) school respondents followed by private school respondents (57.1%) had satisfactory knowledge about their age of first menarche (p = 0.806). Motivated by the socio-cultural taboos and /or fear or shame a majority of government (59.6%) and private school respondents (57.1%) had satisfactory knowledge about their age of first menarche (p = 0.806). A strong prevalence of Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) was found in private school girls 87(49.2%) and 21(11.9%), followed by respective percentages of 78(43.8%), 16(9.0%) amongst the government school respondents who recorded their responses as agreed and strongly agreed about the development of reproductive tract infection in the post-menstruation period. As far as the adoption of hygienic practices is concerned a relatively high percentage of government school 28(15.7%) followed by private school 14(7.9%) girls strongly disagreed about changing their absorbent material on daily basis. The development of skin abrasions like rashes, itching, and urinary tract infection was found in a relatively high proportion amongst the government school girls 30(16.9%) followed by private school respondents 18(10.2%) in the post-menstruation period. A most common and alarming unhygienic practice prevalent amongst the government and private school girls was the reuse of absorbent cloth, who responded as agreed and strongly agreed in respective terms as 43(24.2%), 22(12.4%), and 69(39%) and 28(15.8%). Conclusions: The study concluded that the persistent myths, misconceptions, socio-cultural taboos, and unhygienic practices i.e. Use of old clothes as absorbent, reuse of absorbent material, and delaying tendency of changing absorbent, amongst the adolescent school girls of government and private institutes which may pose direct adverse health and life quality concerns for the female Pakistani community. The current situation calls for active participatory contributions from education communities to initiate various communication and awareness campaigns regarding pre-menarche knowledge and menstruation management which may aid to strengthen and transform their role as a significant representative of society.
A traditional approach to method development could flop to encounter desired separation downstream during test method validation, test method transfer or out of specification studies. In contrast, method development through quality by design (QbD) approach can result in a more rugged/robust method due to greater emphasis on risk management. A design of experiments (DOE) approach which involves both statistical analysis and modeling is used in a QbD approach to understand the impact and interactions between critical method variables. A QbD approach is applied in present study to drug analogs and isomers complex method development using Shimadzu LC Solution Software. The permissible nonconformities of method variables are determined within the design space – the proven acceptable ranges (PARs). The critical method variables in attaining chromatographic resolution for drug analogs and isomers were column chemistry, chromatography type, sample preparation and mobile phase. The prospective intrusion of method variables was determined in terms of desirable method responses, leading to a better method understanding besides achieving anticipated method quality. Effect of column physical properties (length and inner diameter) on separation and speed was investigated during initial screening experiments. Effect of chemical properties (type of surface, pore size and particle size of stationary phase) on sensitivity and retention factor were studied. Both pH and ionic strengths of the aqueous portion of mobile phase were considered in developing rugged methods that were not sensitive to small variations in conditions. Unified quantification methods for structural, functional and direct analogs of sartans (angiotensin II receptor antagonists), statins (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors), quinolones, proton pump inhibitors (PPI’s) with gastroprokinetic agents and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors with biguanide are developed. Additionally enantiomers of linagliptin, sitagliptin phosphate, cetirizine hydrochloride, solifenacin succinate and montelukast sodium are separated on Diacel Chiralpak IC stationary phase instead of using separate stationary phase for individual enantiomeric separation. The proposed methods were statistically validated in terms of precision, accuracy, linearity, specificity, selectivity and robustness in accordance with guidelines of International Council on Harmonisation (ICH). The newly developed methods proved to be specific, accurate and robust for the unified quantification of drug analogs in commercial pharmaceutical formulations and to confirm the relative abundance of desired enantiomer in a racemic mixture of active pharmaceutical ingredient. The advantage of developed methods for unified quantification of drug analogs is that only one sample is prepared and single chromatographic run is required to provide information on the identity, content uniformity, dissolution, potency and purity of active pharmaceutical ingredients. Therefore, these methods can be handy in daily sample handling in routine, when many samples of drug analogs are analyzed in drug testing laboratories. The proposed methods are able to discriminate not only between different drug analogs and enantiomers but are also able to detect counterfeit products.