احسان دانش
کچھ عرصہ سے اس برصغیر کی اردو شاعری کے آسمان پر سیاہ بادل برابر چھائے ہوئے ہیں، فراق گورکھپوری اور جوش ملیح آبادی کے بعد احسان دانش، حفیظ جالندھری اور اب نشور واحدی اﷲ کو پیارے ہوئے۔
ان کی رحلت سے اردو شعر و ادب کے قصر کی رنگارنگی میں بڑی کمی پیدا ہوگئی ہے، احسان دانش نے اپنی زندگی ایک پریشان حال مزدور کی حیثیت سے شروع کی، لیکن اپنی وفات سے پہلے اردو شاعری کے ایک تاجدار تسلیم کرلیے گئے تھے، ۱۹۴۷ء سے پہلے وہ اعظم گڑھ کے مشاعروں میں برابر آتے رہے، اس وقت تک ان کے کلام کے مجموعوں میں نفیر فطرت، جادہ نو، چراغاں، درد زندگی، نوائے کارگر، آتش خاموش حدیث ادب اور گورستان وغیرہ چھپ چکے تھے، مشاعرہ کے اسٹیج پر آتے تو ان کے چہرہ سے ان کی زندگی کی سادگی اور پریشانی ظاہر ہوتی، مگر کلام سناتے تو ان کے خیالات کی پرکاری اور رعنائی سے سامعین متاثر ہوکر محسوس کرتے کہ وہ اپنی شاعری میں جادو نو پر چل رہے ہیں، غزلیں سناتے تو تغزل کا چراغاں کرکے درد زندگی کے راز پنہاں کو عیاں کرتے، ان کی زندگی زیادہ تر پریشانیوں میں گزری، مگر وہ آتش خاموش بن کر ایک شاعر کا حق ادا کرتے رہے، اسی لیے ان کی سخنوری نوائے کارگر اور حدیث ادب بنی رہی، ان کی مشق سخن کی کہانی ان ہی کی زبانی یہ ہے کہ جب ان پر جذبہ شاعری طاری ہوتا وہ اپنی روح میں التہاب پاتے اور جب شعر سپرد قلم کردیتے تو محسوس کرتے کہ الفاظ میں، کاغذ پر، دائروں، لفظوں، مرکزوں اور پیوندوں کے نیچے ان کی روح دبتی چلی جارہی ہے، اور جب کوئی نظم پایہ تکمیل کو پہنچ جاتی تو اپنی روح کو سبک اور آرام طلب پاتے، پھر وہ میٹھی نیند...
Human is the combination of body and spirit, Islām pays attention to the balanced growth and construction of the human personality considering the health of both body and spirit. As Muslims, we believe that Islām is the perfect code of life, which provides guidance for the solutions of all individual and collective problems of human beings. Therefore, we believe that Islām has a complete system of instructions for the development and reformation of spirit on the one hand, and, on the other hand, it has prescribed guidelines for the upkeeping and maintenance of the body. Reproductive and sexual health is one of the major problems of human beings. Eastern societies are comparatively shy to discuss this problem, unless necessary, while the western societies have introduced sex education in their schools to teenagers. We being Muslims tend to look towards our religion to guide us in such a way, that it may educate us, on the one hand, and on the other, it may guide us to adopt the required attitude to avoid the negativity of its awareness. Although the issue of reproductive health is considered as the specialty of the modern age, however, Islamic instructions very obviously discuss them from the beginning. In this article, the author has explored and elaborated Islamic teachings regarding the reproductive health and sexual instructions and discussed them in order to prove that Islām has the full capacity to solve the current social problems of reproductive health and sexual health.
Literature shows that little attention has been given so far to study the development of teacher leadership in the context of Pakistan. Therefore, this study aimed to explore how teacher leadership is developed and enhanced in a private school in this context. The study focused on understanding the school's activities and perceptions of the key stakeholders in order to illustrate the forms of teacher leadership in practice, identify the strategies employed for development of teacher leadership, and highlight the factors that influence the development process in the school context. By using a case study design in qualitative paradigm, the study collected data through SNA1, observations, document analysis and interviews (semi-structured and focused group) with teachers, coordinators, deputies, head of SDC2 and the school's principal. Collecting data from multiple sources and perspectives enriched the study findings. Note-taking, tape-recording, transcriptions, collecting copy of documents, memo-writing, and maintaining reflective diary facilitated the data recording and data collection process. The use of AGNA3 and Nvivo4 allowed systematic and inductive analysis of the data. The findings of the study revealed that both formal and informal forms of teacher leadership was in practice in that particular school and the participants perceive teacher leader as a role model, as a visionary or missionary and responsible person for the overall development of students. Various strategies for enabling teachers in improving their capacities, involving them in productive work and creating conducive professional environment have contributed in developing teacher leadership in the school context. Also, professional knowledge, school culture and structure, system support, and readiness for change are important factors in the development process. The findings of the study bring forth several implications for practitioners and relevant institutions and also suggest some recommendations for further research in the area of teacher leadership.