مولانا حافظ محمد اسلم جیراج پوری
افسوس ہے مولانا حافظ محمد اسلم جیراج پوری بھی جو علم وادب کی صبح بہار کا ایک آخری جلوۂ گریز پاتھے۔ہم سے بچھڑ گئے اوراس خاکدانِ آب و گل کو خیرآباد کہہ کر رہ گزائے عالم آخرت ہوگئے۔مرحوم ہماری بزم علم وثقافت کے دور پیشین کی یادگار تھے۔ایک زمانہ میں اُن کے مضامین ومقالات کابڑاچرچا تھا۔ باقاعدہ اور وسیع المطالعہ عالم تھے۔ان کی تالیفات میں’تاریخ الامت‘ جو چھوٹی چھوٹی کئی جلدوں میں ہے اس کوبڑی شہرت ومقبولیت حاصل ہوئی۔اس کے علاوہ چند ادبی اور تنقیدی مضامین اورسوانحی تالیفات بھی ان کی یادگار ہیں۔جامعہ ملیہ اسلامیہ کے اولین معماروں اوربانیوں میں سے تھے اورآخر اسی کی خدمت کرتے کرتے جان جان آفرین کوسپردکری۔قرآن مجید کے ساتھ بڑاعشق اورشغف تھا، اس کے وہ حافظ بھی تھے اوربڑی پابندی سے روزاس کی تلاوت کرتے تھے۔ نہایت سادہ زندگی بسر کرتے تھے۔راقم الحروف کوجب کبھی ان کے ہاں چائے پینے کا اتفاق ہواہے کبھی بھی ایسا نہیں ہواکہ چائے کی پیالیاں صحیح وسالم پائی ہوں۔ بڑے قناعت پسند،گوشہ نشین،شہرت سے نفوراور حددرجہ متواضع اورمنکسر المزاج بزرگ تھے، جس سے جو وضع تھی بہرحال نباہتے تھے۔ حدیث کے بارے میں ان کا جو مسلک تھا اس کے باوجود ہم ارباب ندوۃالمصنفین کے ساتھ ان کے تعلقات بڑے شگفتہ تھے اور وہ کبھی نجی ملاقاتوں میں اس طرح کی بحث نہیں اُٹھاتے تھے۔یہ وضع داری اورشرافت،یہ مروت اورخوش خلقی اب عنقا ہوتی جارہی ہے۔اب آئندہ ایسے لوگ کہاں ملیں گے۔اﷲ تعالیٰ ان کو غریق رحمت فرمائے اور ان کو مغفرت وبخشش کی نعمتوں سے سرفراز فرمائے۔آمین
[جنوری ۱۹۵۶ء]
Abstract: The article deals with the life and contribution ofNaseem Hijazi towards reconstruction ofIslamic thought through his historical novels in New Muslim generation. As a novel writer < Naseem Hijazi is regarded as one of thefinest writers of Urdu language especially in the later 20th century. Among his popular contemporaries were Ibn-e-Safh Saadat Hasan Manto< and Shqfiq-ur-Rehman< all having their particular line ofliterature. Naseem Hijazi is knownfor his potent and romantic description of history. There are only two writers prior to Hijazi who wrote history novels in Urdu: Abdul Haleem Sharar and Sadiq sardhunwi < but Hijazi’s writing is most credible in terms of historical description and accuracy. He exercised extra care to back his study of history by through research and to cite his sources whenever possible. Hijazi creates his powerful expression by blending this study of history with fairytale romanticism. The story usually revolves around characters who were related to< and shown present at the actual historical event that wishes tofocus on. Naseem Hijazi bases most ofhis work in Islamic history. In dealing with this history' he shows both the rise and fall of the Islamic Empire. This writer seems to have been inspired a lot by Allama Muhammad Iqbal's poetry. He tries, not very unlike Iqbal, to remind his readers of the lost glory of the Muslims and in a way inspire them to work with commitment to achieve lost glory in all walks of life. Naseem Hijazi has immensely influenced his readers both in and out of Pakistan. He has been one of the key sources of Islamist ideologies in Pakistan and worked as a key ideology and valour builder during the Soviet-Afghan War. Many Pakistani educated Youngsters throughout 1950s till today are believed to have been emotionally and ideologically inspired by his writings. He enjoys a very large reader base even after his death.
Input applications of agricultural and industrial activities have increased salt levels in our soils. In the modern era of agricultural production of crops, shortage of water resources makes them inaccessible for growing crops. Plant species have different mechanisms that deal with the salt tolerance; but the capability to sustain low cytosolic Na+ is supposed to be one of the vital factors of plant salt tolerance. Removal of Na+ from the cytoplasm of the cells and/or the maintenance of the low cytosolic Na+ concentrations is carried out either by pumping Na+ out of cells (plasma membrane antiporter) or into the vacuoles (vacuolar antiporter) under high salinity conditions. This process is brought about by the operation of plasma membrane-bound H+-pumps responsible for energizing Na+/H+ antiporters. In addition to this, engineering of the regulatory machinery involving transcription factors has emerged as a new tool now for controlling the expression of many stress-responsive genes. Development and use of transgenic plants with enhanced capability of salt tolerance by over-expression of genes may help to meet the future challenges of abiotic stresses. The effect of plant growth regulators in different combinations on in vitro regeneration of currently grown potato cultivars (cvs). ‘Kuroda’, ‘Cardinal’ and ‘Desiree’ were determined. Overall, the callus production and in vitro regeneration efficiency was maximum in Cardinal and Kuroda. Media combination and cultivars having potential for good callus induction and regeneration were selected for transformation. The novel synthetic HSR1 gene was cloned under double CaMV35S promoter in the pGreen0029 plant expression vector. HSR1 and AVP1 genes were transformed in potato through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation method. Putative transgenic calli and regenerated shoots were obtained in the presence of kanamycin (50 mg/ml) as plant tissue selection agent. Varying transformation efficiencies (30 and 25 %) were observed in different batches for Kuroda and Cardinal, respectively. A total of 57 transgenic plants were obtained from independent events and were successfully established in pots containing sterilized sand. Transgenic plants were confirmed by PCR and Southern hybridization. Variable numbers (1-4) of integration sites for the transgenes were observed in the genomic DNA of transgenic potato plants when AVP1/HSR1 specific probes were used for Southern analysis. In order to check abiotic stress tolerance potential, transgenic plants were subjected to in vitro screening in response to different levels of stress inducing agents like NaCl and PEG (6000). Agronomic parameters (shoot length, root length, leaf area index, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root fresh weight, root dry weight and relative water contents) were recorded that shows the transgenic potato lines performed better under stress conditions compared to the control plants. Transgenic potato plants containing AVP1 and synthetic HSR1 genes were analyzed for salt stress tolerance. Significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher photosynthetic rates, stomatal, sub-stomatal conductance and transpiration rate were observed in transgenic plants harboring HSR1 and AVP1 genes compared to control plants. Higher Membrane Stability Index was noted in transgenic plants than non-transformed plants. Transgenic plants showed higher accumulation of Na+, K+ and a higher Na+/K+ ratio than non-transformed plants. Salt analyses showed high accumulation of total free amino acids, proline contents, and total soluble sugars indicating salt tolerance manifested by transgenic AVP1 and HSR1 plants. To avoid the toxic level of ROS and protect the cells from oxidative injury, accumulation of complex antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) (EC 1.15.1.1), peroxidase (POD) (EC 1.11.1.7), ascorbic peroxidase (APX) (EC 1.11.1.11) and catalase (CAT) (EC 1.11.1.6) were determined in stressed leaves which showed a significantly higher accumulation in transgenic potato plants compared to controls. Tunnel experiment was performed for yield components to check the potential of transgenic plants under various levels (100, 75 and 50%) of drought stress. Significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher biomass, number of tubers/plant and weight of tubers/plant was observed at 75 and 50% of drought stress. This study provides an efficient protocol for regeneration efficiency of potato cultivar Kuroda, Cardinal and Desiree using internodal explants. The results suggest that transgenic plants expressing higher levels of AVP1 and HSR1 transcripts in potato are able to withstand salt and drought stress regimes.