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Home > A Study of S. S. C Students Passed in Different Streams I. E General Science, Science, Male, Female Rural and Urban Area by Calculating Mean, Median, Mode, Quartile and Percentages in Annual Examination 1998

A Study of S. S. C Students Passed in Different Streams I. E General Science, Science, Male, Female Rural and Urban Area by Calculating Mean, Median, Mode, Quartile and Percentages in Annual Examination 1998

Thesis Info

Author

Gul Muhammad

Institute

Allama Iqbal Open University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

1998

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

107.;

Subject

Education

Language

English

Other

Call No: 373 GUS; Publisher: Aiou

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676709589054

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1۔تحفظ دین

1۔تحفظ دین
اللہ تعالیٰ نے انسان کو اشرف المخلوق تخلیق کیا ، عقل وشعور اور فہم کی صلاحیت عطا فرمائی ، اس کی ہدایت کےلیے انبیاء وحی کا سلسلہ شروع فرمایا ۔ اس کے ساتھ انسان کی تخلیق کا مقصد بھی بتایا، جیسا کہ قرآن مجید میں ارشاد ہو ا ہے
﴿وَمَا خَلَقْتُ الْجِنَّ وَالْإِنْسَ إِلَّا لِيَعْبُدُونِ﴾217
"میں نے جنوں اور انسانوں کو اپنی عبادت کے لیے تخلیق کیا۔ "
انسان کو زندگی گزارنے کے لیےاسلامی دستور دیا اور حکم دیا کہ اسلام (دین)کواختیار کرو، جیسے فرمایا
﴿ يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آَمَنُوا ادْخُلُوا فِي السِّلْمِ كَافَّةً ﴾218
"اسلام میں مکمل طور پر داخل ہو جاؤ۔ "
اللہ تعالیٰ نے قرآن میں یہ اعلان فرما دیا کہ اسلام پر کوئی عمل نہ کرے تو اس کا کوئی عمل قبول نہیں ہوگا
﴿ وَمَنْ يَبْتَغِ غَيْرَ الْإِسْلَامِ دِينًا فَلَنْ يُقْبَلَ مِنْهُ وَهُوَ فِي الْآَخِرَةِ مِنَ الْخَاسِرِينَ ﴾219
"جو شخص اسلام کے کے سوا اور دین تلاش کرے ، اس کا دین قبول نہیں کیا جائے گااور وہ آخرت میں نقصان پانے والوں میں ہو گا۔ "
انسان کی کامیابی کا دارومدار اسلام پر عمل کرنے سے ہے چنانچہ غیر مسلموں کو اللہ تعالیٰ نے تبلیغ دین، وعظ ونصیحت اور جدال بالاحسن سے کام لینے کا حکم دیا ہے تاکہ زیادہ سے زیادہ انسان اخروی فلاح کےمستحق قرار پائیں۔ لہذا جہاں اسلام غیروں کو اپنے دامن رحمت میں پناہ دینے کے لیے نہ صرف تیار ہے بلکہ ان کے لیے راستے بھی ہموار کرتاہے اور ہر ممکن طریقہ اختیار کرتا ہے تاکہ وہ مسلمان ہو کر فلاح کے مستحق قرار پائیں اور اپنے ماننے والوں کو تو اسلام بہانے سے نوازتا ہے۔ یہی وجہ ہے کہ اسلام نے مرتد کی سزا قتل رکھی ہے تاکہ کوئی اسلام کے دامن سے نکلنے کی نہ سوچے ، جیسا کہ ارشاد...

تشکیل معاشرہ میں تصوف کی بنیاد اخلاق حسنہ کا کردارایک تحقیقی مطالعہ

Almighty sent his chosen prophets to every Ummah to teach them the lesson of goodness and to avoid evil. The purposes of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) were reform processes: to teach and guide, and pushed the people to Almighty Allah. According to the narrative in Islamic law, everyone's either Muslim or non-Muslim, relative or/neighbor has determined the right to live things. And good conduct is that because Abdullah bin Mubarak said That is, "Meeting old habits, doing righteousness, and forbidding people to hurt you". If human behavior is good then its own life will also pass through fortune and joy, and it will also be the mercy and chain of things for others. Collective relations, interacting with the recipients, and the Family system, is proven to be a source of intelligence. The result of the happy moral is Reality and Heaven of Arman al-Rahman, and the fulfillment of the Prophecy is the wrath of Lord Koran and the Fire of Hell.  

Heat Stress Studies in Cucumber and its Alleviation Through Chitosan

Production of summer vegetables is tremendously influenced by elevated temperature overhead thresh hold level which ultimately carries about menace to food security in hot areas of Indo-Pak. To manage this subject, genetic variability is weighty tool. Four experiments were planned for present research. The first experiment was planned to screen out heat tolerant cucumber genotypes. To evaluate heat tolerance ability of one-month seedlings, twenty-five genotypes grown under normal temperature were studied at elevated temperature (40°C/32°C day/night) for seven days. Selection of cucumber genotypes for heat tolerance and sensitivity was done, based on several growth parameters (shoots and roots lengths of seedlings, mass of fresh and dry seedlings and per plant number of leaves), with some physiological parameters (chlorophyll contents, electrolyte leakage, rate of photosynthesis and transpiration, water use efficiency, stomatal conductance, substomatal/internal CO2 and temperature of leaf surface). Some significant variations among genotypes were observed conferring to their capacity to bear heat stress. Genotypes L3466 and Desi-cucumber were found the most heat tolerant, while Suyo Long and Poinsett were found the most sensitive to heat stress. In the second experiment one-month old seedlings were subjected to heat stress in the same way as in the first experiment. It was confirmed that L3466 and Desi-cucumber have high water potential and antioxidant activates in leaves as compared to Suyo Long and Poinsett under heat stress (40°C/32°C day/night). It was observed that at high temperature, water potential, turgor potential was high, while osmotic potential was low as compared to sensitive genotypes. It was revealed that enzymatic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase) and osmolytes (proline and glycine betaine) were mostly produced in heat tolerant genotypes as compared to heat sensitive ones, while lipid peroxidation was more pronounced in heat sensitive genotypes. These facts were valuable in deriving conclusion that attributes under consideration depends on nature of genotype, so some genotypes were more tolerant than others. In the third experiment, chitosan foliar spray with different concentrations (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 ppm) were applied on one-month old seedlings of cucumber at 40°C/32°C day/night temperature grown in similar conditions as in the first and the second experiment. Data regarding growth index (length of shoot and root of seedlings, mass of fresh dry seedlings and per plant number of leaves) and some physiological traits (electrolyte leakage and chlorophyll contents) proved that chitosan at 200 ppm has maximum capability of plants to cope with heat stress. In fourth experiment, selected heat tolerant (L3466 and Desi-cucumber) and sensitive genotypes (Suyo Long and Poinsett) were grown in open field. Seeds were sown in different sowing dates (15th March, 1st April, 15th April) for maximum exposer of plants to environmental temperature. Chitosan was applied three times, the first time after one month of seedling emergence while the second and the third a week interval after the first on each genotype. Chitosan treated plants in all genotypes improved the enzymatic antioxidants and osmolytes in enhancing the ability of plant to tolerant heat stress. Data regarding physiological, biochemical and yield related characteristics were observed. It was revealed that overall 26% yield was increased in chitosan treated plants as compared with non-treated plants in cucumber crop. It also improved the ability of sensitive genotypes for survival in the third sown date when temperature was too high while non-treated plants could not survive. Performance of each genotype was better in the first sowing date, followed by the second and the third. It could be concluded from study that by sowing heat tolerant genotypes, identified in present research, growth period of cucumber can also be extended. Exogenously application of chitosan at 200 ppm have potential further alleviate the drastic effects of high temperature, enhancing yield and growing period can be extended.