عبدالمنان بیدلؔ
پٹنہ یونیورسٹی کے شعبہ فارسی کے سابق پروفیسر جناب عبدالمناف بیدل کی وفات گزشتہ اپریل میں ہوگئی، انھوں نے تقریباً نوے سال کی عمر پائی اور اس لحاظ سے خوش نصیب تھے کہ اپنی زندگی میں اپنے شاگردوں کو علم و ادب میں بڑی شہرت حاصل کرتے دیکھا، بڑے شفیق استاد تھے، اس خاکسار کو بھی ان کی شاگردی کی سعادت نصیب ہوئی، اپنے زمانہ میں فارسی کی نصابی کتابی انگریزی لباس پہن انگریزی زبان میں پڑھاتے وقت اس مشرقی زبان میں مغربی رنگ پیدا کردیتے، بڑے اچھے شاعر بھی تھے، بیدل تخلص کرتے، مشاعروں میں اپنے ترنم سے اپنی شاعری میں دلنوازی، دل ربائی اور دل نشینی کی ساری کیفیت پیدا کردیتے، آخر عمر میں مذہبی رنگ بھی زیادہ غالب ہوگیا تھا، زائرین حج کی خدمت مختلف حیثیتوں سے کرتے رہے، استاذی المحترم حضرت مولانا سید سلیمان ندویؒ کے سفر حج میں ساتھ تھے، سلیمان نمبر میں ان کا ایک پرکیف مضمون ’’سفر حجاز کے تاثرات‘‘ کے عنوان سے شائع ہوا، گزشتہ اگست میں ان کو حکومت ہند کی طرف سے فارسی کی سند کا ایوارڈ بھی ملا، لیکن حکومت کی یہ جوہر شناسی اس وقت ہوئی جب ان کے بہت سے شاگردوں کو ان سے پہلے اس اعزاز سے نوازا جاچکا تھا، اﷲ تبارک و تعالیٰ ان کو ان کی نیکیوں اور خوبیوں کی بدولت کروٹ کروٹ جنت نعیم عطا فرمائیں، آمین۔ (صباح الدین عبدالرحمن، مئی ۱۹۸۲ء)
This paper is formulated under the conceptual framework of Gayatri spivak’s theory of Can Subaltern Speak? And explores the potential permeability of visual resources as a form of discourse through which subalterns found opportunity to counter media hegemony and make their voices heard. In order to analyze the selected graphic novel Munnu: A Boy From Kashmir (2015) the present qualitative study applies Grunter Kress and Theo Van Leeuwen’s model of visual design (2010) that connects the representational meaning to the interactive one. The analyst reflected upon how the interplay of visuals images and words together displayed the theme of Kashmir’s subjugation as well as how this genre has proved supportive to author to counter the said hegemony. Hence, the study found consent, political domination and media control as the broad elements that can be seen in the novel and also the study concludes that counter hegemony is possible through such literary genres, as the novel’s narrator has communicated those aspects of hegemonic situation in Kashmir to a large audience through literary discourse of graphic novel genre that are chiefly absent from mainstream media’s treatments of the Kashmir’s conflict. ______
This dissertation investigated the impact of prolonging terrorist activities on stock returns. The first chapter discusses the background, problem statement, motivation, and significance of the study. The second chapter discusses the existing literature on the dissertation topic and at length discuss the different methodology used in earlier studies and critical conclusions are drawn from the studies. In the third chapter, evidence was drawn for the relationship between terrorism and stock market index from a frontline state in the war on terror. Monthly time series data for Terrorism from 2002 (Jan) to 2012 (Dec) was used to develop a Terror Impact Factor with Lingering Effect series (TIFL). This TIFL was used to see its effect on monthly stock returns of different sectors listed in Karachi Stock Exchange. Results demonstrated significantly mixed positive and negative impact of prolonged terrorism on stock prices of different sectors and had shown that market has not become insensitive to the prolonged terrorist attacks. In the fourth chapter we further investigated the impact of a terrorist attack on investors investment decisions whose investment horizons are different and vary from 1-2 day, 2-4 day, 4-8 day, 8-16 day, and 16-32 day horizon. Daily time series data for KSE100 index return and terror attacks from 1998 (Jan) to 2014 (Dec) was used. Wavelet decomposition technique was used to decompose daily data into different time horizon, and the relationship between two variables was estimated. Finding suggests that there is a significant negative relationship exist between the two studied variables, but it was also noted that the coefficients of the terror attack were very small which motivated to conclude no or very feeble effect of terrorism on stock market return. Chapter five used the same data set used in chapter four and investigated the impact of the terrorist attack of different intensity on stock market index return at different market conditions (bearish and bullish) using Quantile-on-Quantile regression. This study concluded that terror attacks are more significant when a market is performing well as compared to when a market is bullish. Finally, Chapter 6 present the conclusion of the research and discuss the limitations of research, the implication for investors, policy recommendation and future research direction.