پروفیسر سید ضیاء الحسن ندوی
سخت افسوس ہے کہ پروفیسر سید ضیاء الحسن ندوی ۲۰؍ جنوری ۲۰۰۳ء کو حرکت قلب بند ہو جانے سے وفات پاگئے، اناﷲ وانا الیہ راجعون، وہ دارالعلوم ندۃالعلما کے بڑے لایق اور ہونہار فرزندوں میں تھے، ندوہ سے فراغت کے بعد انہوں نے جدید تعلیم حاصل کی پھر جامعہ ملیہ اسلامیہ کے شعبہ عربی میں لکچرر ہوئے اور ترقی کر کے پروفیسر اور صدر شعبہ ہوئے، اس وقت فیکلٹی آف ہیو مینٹیز اینڈ لینگویجز کے ڈین بھی تھے، جدید اور ماڈرن عربی میں ان کو مکمل دست گاہ تھی، ’’مہجری ادب‘‘ پر ان کی ایک کتاب بھی شایع ہوئی ہے اور بیرون ملک کے جراید و رسائل میں ان کے مضامین بھی چھپتے تھے، عربی زبان پر اچھی قدرت ہی کی وجہ سے انڈین کونسل فارکلچرل ریلیشنس کے سہ ماہی عربی رسالہ ثقافتہ الھند کے اڈیٹر مقرر کیے گئے تھے اور اس کا ایک ضخیم اور شان دار نمبر مولانا سید ابوالحسن علی ندوی پر نکالا تھا۔
مولانا علی میاں اور دارالعلوم ندوۃالعلما سے ان کا بڑا گہرا تعلق تھا، دارالعلوم کے کاموں میں نہایت سرگرم اور پیش پیش رہتے تھے، اس کی مختلف کمیٹیوں کے ممبر بھی تھے، عالمی رابطہ ادب اسلامی کے بھی رکن تھے، اس کے اجلاس میں بڑے شوق اور دلچسپی سے شریک ہوتے تھے اور اس کے لیے متعدد بیرونی ملکوں میں بھی تشریف لے گئے، مولانا سید محمد رابع ندوی ناظم ندوۃالعلما کو ان پر بڑا اعتماد تھا، ان سے اور ان کے چھوٹے بھائی مولانا سید محمد واضح ندوی سے بہت گھلے ملے رہتے تھے، علمی صلاحیتوں کے ساتھ ان میں انتظامی خوبیاں بھی تھی۔
مرحوم بڑے مرنجاں مرنج، وسیع المشرب اور طبعاً شریف اور خوش مزاج تھے، ہر ایک سے خندہ روئی سے ملتے، اپنی نیکی، وضع داری، اخلاص اور علم دوستی کی بنا...
Youth is the real asset of any nation as it plays an important and significant role in the development of society. Youngsters are the future of any nation as they take the charge of the promotion and progress of the society. If youth of a nation stands corrupted the entire nation slides into regression and decadence. But if the youth of a society treads the right path the entire nation succeeds both here and hereafter. Adolescence is a time when a person undergoes changes both physically intellectually. This study was basically designed to explore the role of young companions of Holy Prophet (ﷺ) in the defense and development of Islamic state Madīnah. The approach applied for the collection and analysis of data was qualitative and descriptive. The review of literature uncovered that the young companions, progress the in role cardinal a played (صلى الله عليه وسلم) Muhammad Prophet of advancement, defense, and development of the society. The Holy Prophet young of education and training the towards attention special paid (صلى الله عليه وسلم) companion which enhanced their capacity and level of motivation and led them to work with enthusiasm. The kind behavior of our Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) enabled them to transform their selves, their families, Meccah, Madīnah and the surroundings of the these sacred cities. Within the shortest possible period they spread the peaceful message of Islam and brought a positive change in the society and particularly established the peace in Madīnah. They built a strong defense of Madīnah from internal and external challenges and laid strong foundations for social, moral, economic and political development of the Islamic state Madīnah. It is, therefore, recommended to encourage the youth of Pakistan to make them realize their duties towards Pakistan and Islam so that they can play a significant role in the development and progress of Islam and Pakistan.
This thesis describes the experimental study of the sooting discharges in which a variety of carbon clusters is produced. The regenerative sooting discharges have been studied and their carbon cluster forming characteristics are compared with the non-regenerative sooting discharges. A large number of experimental arrangements have been used in which sublimation and sputtering processes were investigated in detail to understand the basic mechanisms for the formation of carbon clusters. The effects of experimental parameters on the clusters formed in the two types of carbonaceous discharges i.e. the non-regenerative and the regenerative sooting discharges are reported. Continuous as well as pulsed operations of the discharges have been studied. The carbon clusters are produced in carbonaceous environments where either the high temperature arc discharges sublime the graphite electrodes or the glow/arc discharges in the graphite hollow cathodes take place with sputtering being the dominant mechanism. Regenerative soot is shown to have different characteristics and constituents compared with those in the non-regenerative soot. We have shown that small clusters dominate in the regenerative sooting discharges. The basic constituents of the two types of soot are also different; in the case of the regenerative soot C 3 is the basic constituents while for the non- regenerative soot C 2 seems to be an essential basic unit. Emission spectroscopy of the non- regenerative discharges indicates the predominance of diatomic carbon C 2 in the continuous as well as the pulsed modes. C 2 is the main sublimed species. Under these conditions cage closure leading to fullerenes and nanotubes is more likely. Mass spectrometry with an ExB Wien velocity filter has been used to complement the results of emission spectroscopy in the case of the regenerative soot. The mass spectra from graphite hollow cathode duoplasmatron ion source clearly show that C 3 is the major surviving specie along with other clusters C 4 & C 5 with lesser yields. The environment of the twin plasmas in the duoplasmatron ion source is such that higher clusters cannot survive and are fragmented into smaller clusters with C 3 as the dominant end product.