دورہ فرانس
بھٹو صاحب فرانس کے دورے پر گئے تو صد ر اسکارڈ اسٹینگ نے پیرس کے مضافات میں اپنے فارم ہائوس پر ان کے اعزاز میں ایک پرائیویٹ عشائیہ کا انتظام کیا جس میں دونوں سر براہوںکے خاندانوں سمیت چند دوسرے قریبی احباب شریک تھے ۔یہ ورکنگ ڈنر کے بجاء ایک فیملی گیٹ ٹو گیدر جس کا مقصد تفریخ اور خاندانوں کے درمیان روابط پیدا کرنا تھا ۔کھانے کے بعد اسٹینگ اور بھٹو فارم ہائوس پر چہل قدمی کے لیے نکلے تو راستے میں جگہ جگہ بتیاں روشن دیکھ کر بھٹو صاحب نے کہا’’جناب صدر آپ کے ملک میں بجلی وافر مقدار میں پیدا ہو تی ہے ‘‘مضافات میں بھی روشنی ہے ۔اسٹینگ نے کہا ’’ہم پن بجلی کے ساتھ ساتھ ایٹمی بجلی بھی پیدا کر رہے ہیں ۔بجلی وافرہے لیکن ابھی تک ان مضافات میں بجلی نہیں پہنچا سکے ۔یہاں ایک جنریٹر کی مدد سے بجلی پیدا کی جاتی ہے ۔ان دنوں جنریٹر عام نہیں تھے ۔بھٹو صاحب نے دیکھنے کا اشتیاق ظہار کیا ۔صدر انہیں لے کر جنریٹر روم میں چلے گئے جو اتفاق سے قریب ہی بنا ہوا تھا ۔بھٹو صاحب نے جنریٹر کو بڑی دلچسپی سے دیکھا نیز اس کی کارگردی اور انجن کے بارے میں سوالات پوچھے جو آپریٹر نے انہیں بریف کیا ۔اس مشین میں بھٹو صاحب کی دلچسپی کو دیکھتے ہوئے اسٹینگ نے کہا ’’جناب ایسا ہی ایک جنریٹر آپ کے ساتھ پاکستان جائے گا جو میری فیملی کی طرف سے آپ کی فیملی کے لیے ایک چھوٹا سا تحفہ ہے ۔
بھٹو مسکرائے اور گرمجوشی سے شکریہ ادا کیا اور دھیرے سے بولے ۔’’جناب صدر میں ایک غریب ملک کا وزیر اعظم ہوں ۔میرے ملک میں بجلی کی بہت کمی ہے ۔بجلی نہ ہو نے کی وجہ سے انڈسٹری نہ ہو نے...
Hafiz Ibn-e-Kaseer’s ‘Al-Bidaya Wan-Nehaya’ maintains a remarkable position in the field of historiography. In this valuable book, he has described the occurrences of the important nations of the past and the epochs of the previous Prophets up to his own era. Although ‘Al-Bidaya Wan-Nehaya’ is basically a book of ‘History’, yet the worthy author has referred to numerous salient events pertaining to the life and mission of the holy Prophet (SAW). A considerable portion of the book, about two thousand pages, relates to the biograph of the Holy Prophet (SAW). Hafiz Ibn-e-Kaseer’s mode of ‘Seerah-writing’ differs from all other biographers in certain aspects. There are some distinctive marks which distinguish his biography from others. The following Article is an analytic account of the characteristic features and merits as well as deficiencies and shortcomings of ‘Al-Bidaya wan-Nehaya’ with special reference to the science ‘Seerat-Writing’ and it aims at determining its credibility as a source of Prophetic Biography
This thesis set out to study the coverage of the Kenyan government’s Big Four Agenda by Kenyan newspapers between December 1, 2017 and December 31, 2018. The Big Four Agenda was introduced to Kenyans on December 12, 2017, Independence Day, by President Uhuru Kenyatta. He framed the Big Four Agenda as the most important policy of his second term and had specific objectives to be met by 2022: to construct 500,000 affordable houses, to increase the contribution of manufacturing to the Gross Domestic Product, food security for all, and Universal Health Coverage. This thesis was provoked by a study by Infotrak Research, published by The Star on December 18, 2018, which established that 53 per cent of Kenyans did not know about the Big Four Agenda. This lack of awareness was considered worthy of research considering the central role of the media in informing society about the government’s policies. The media also provides spaces for interrogating the policy, and this has been the case with the Kenyan media. Newspaper coverage was selected for research because newspapers are ubiquitous in Kenya and also play an intermedia agenda-setting role. The research set out to establish the frequency of newspaper coverage, the dominant sources, the placement of articles on the Big Four Agenda, the dominant issues as well as the factors that influenced coverage. A mixed method was used to approach the research and content analysis used as the research method. Data was generated using document review of the Daily Nation and The Standard and interviews with journalists from the two newspapers. The research established that while journalists were eager to provide coverage of the Big Four Agenda, there was inadequate comprehensive information on the policy, government officials often avoided going into details on it, and the topics were considered complicated and therefore were denied publication in the prime pages. The thesis therefore concluded that the media was enthusiastic to cover the Big Four Agenda but was frustrated by a lack of information. All these factors resulted in a majority of Kenyans lacking awareness about the government’s key objectives. The thesis recommended that media houses develop policies and templates for reporting on development policies, that the government develop communication plans for disseminating information about its development policies. This study should benefit the media in Kenya as well as the government and policymakers.