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A Study to Investigate the Hurdles in the Development of Basketball Game at Sargodha City

Thesis Info

Author

Sajid Ashraf

Supervisor

Zahid Majeed

Institute

Allama Iqbal Open University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2007

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

xiii 44.;

Subject

Recreational & Performing Arts

Language

English

Other

Call No: 796.323 SAS; Publisher: Aiou

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676709631149

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مصطفےٰ کمال اتاترک

اتاترک، مصطفےٰ کمال
غمِ کمال
آخر اس عیسیٰ نفس کو بھی موت آگئی جس نے بیمار ٹرکی کو شفا، اور اس کو موت کے پنجہ سے چھڑا کر زندگی بخشی تھی، دنیا نے اس کا ماتم کیا، اور عجیب تر یہ ہے کہ انھوں نے بھی اس کا ماتم کیا جنھوں نے اس کو تختہ دار پر چڑھانے میں کوئی کوشش اٹھا نہ رکھی تھی لیکن اس کی تلوار نے ہر بیڑی کو کاٹا اور ہر زنجیر کے ٹکڑے کئے اور پرانی ٹرکی کو جلا کر اس کی راکھ سے ایک نئی ٹرکی بنا کر کھڑی کی ۱۹۲۰؁ء میں کون خیال کرسکتا تھا کہ اتحادیوں کے پنجۂ ستم سے بچ کر یہ شکار صحیح و سلامت نکل آئے گا، مگر اس کی تدبیروں نے آخر ہر تدبیر کو شکست دی، ڈاکٹر اقبال نے سچ کہا:

قاہری با دلبری پیغمبری است
ایسا سیاسی پیغمبر اگر کوئی ہوا ہے تو وہ مصطفی کمال اتا ترک تھا، جو تاج و تخت، خدم و حشم، باڈی گارڈ اور محافظوں کے دستہ کے بغیر ملک پر حکمرانی کرتا تھا، اس نے اسلام کے اس سیاسی رنگ کا دھندلا سا منظر پیش کیا تھا، جس کے دیکھنے کو خلافت راشدہ کے بعد سے مسلمانوں کی آنکھیں بیتاب تھیں، اﷲ تعالیٰ سے دعا ہے کہ وہ مرحوم کو اپنی مغفرت و رحمت کے فتوحات سے سرفراز فرمائے اور ان کی اجتہادی غلطیوں سے درگزر کرے۔ (سید سلیمان ندوی، دسمبر ۱۹۳۸ء)

 

أثر القرآن الكريم في الشعر الفلسطيني "محمود درويش" أنموذجاً

يشكل القرآن الكريم منبعا ثريا، يلجأ إليه الشعراء والأدباء في أعمالهم الأدبية المختلفة، لأنّه جزء ثابت في حياتهم، واستنادا على هذا وجد الشعراء ضالتهم في القرآن الكريم للتعبير عن خواطرهم مستلهمين منه معانيه، وقد ارتبط الشعر الفلسطيني خاصة بالقرآن الكريم باعتبار أن قضية احتلال فلسطين قضية دينية أكثر منها سياسية، إذا كيف تأثر الشعراء الفلسطينيين بما جاء من قصص وعبر في القرآن الكريم وكيف ترجموها في شعرهم لإشعال المقاومة والثورة؟ والهدف من هذه الدّراسة توضيح أنّ الشعر الفلسطيني ارتبط بالقرآن الكريم لاعتبار الشعراء الفلسطينيين قضية فلسطين قضية دينية ومن النتائج التي توصلنا إليها تأثر شعراء فلسطين بالقرآن الكريم في عدة جوانب منها استلهام المفردات القرآنية والرموز الدّينية والتّناص والإيقاع والموسيقى، وقد اعتمد الباحثان في الدّراسة على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي

Role of Genetic Factors in the Pathogenesis of Primary Open Angle Glaucoma and Potential Role of Antioxidants to Prevent Primary Open Angle Glaucoma

Glaucoma, the collection of syndromes, is the 2nd leading basis of vision loss in the world. Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), the mostly occurring form is described by optic nerve head excavation, defective fields of vision & increased or regular intraocular pressure (IOP), with no sign of closed angle on Gonioscopic examination. Though the actual reason of POAG is unclear yet but inherited factors may perform key function in understanding actual mechanism of the disease. This study was conducted for linkage analysis between POAG and two genes (MYOC & CYP1B1) related with POAG in the people of Sindh province of Pakistan and elaborate the protecting properties of antioxidants (Resveratrol & Ascorbate) on cultured HTMC subjected to reactive oxygen species. For this purpose, twenty-six families having multiple affected members diagnosed with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) were enrolled through hospitals from different cities of Sindh, Pakistan and were numbered from POAG-1 to POAG-26. After genomic DNA isolation, exclusion studies were carried out to analyze enrolled families for linkage to MYOC and CYP1B1 genes. Out of twenty-six families, two families were found linked with the MYOCgene and one family was found linked with CYP1B1 gene. In family POAG-26, a novel mutation for MYOC gene, c.1130 C>G resulting in p.T377R was identified where as in family POAG-06, one reported mutation for MYOC in Indian population, c.144G>T resulting in p.Q48H was found. In another family POAG-02, a novel mutation for CYP1B1 gene, c.650 G>A resulting in p.D217N was detected. For exploration of potential effects of antioxidants (Resveratrol & Ascorbic acid) on cultured Human Trabecular meshwork cell line, Cells were purchased from The ScienCell Research Laboratories, Canada. Cultured HTM cells were co-incubated with varying concentrations of H2O2 in growth media for twenty-four hours. Effects of different concentrations of H2O2 on TM cell metabolism were determined by observing the cells under light microscope and detecting mitochondrial enzymes functional activity with the help of MTT assay. It was proved that Resveratrol has more protecting properties than the Ascorbic acid, even at 4.0 mM H2O2, the TM cellular movement was 76%. Underneath co-treatment circumstances, the 1mM Resveratrol maintained TM cell metabolism. Related to H2O2- treated TM cells, resveratrol enhanced role of mitochondria up to 4.0 mM H2O2 (76%). For evaluation of protective effects of co-incubation of Ascorbate and Resveratrol was because of metabolic alteration of Trabecular Meshwork cells, which were pre-treated by Ascorbate and Resveratrol for 24 hours followed by H2O2 treatment termed as “pretreat-only’’. Highly significant differences were noticed for the 1.0 mM H2O2 concentration (Chi Square test, p=0.0001). A considerable decrease in metabolism of Trabecular Meshwork cells was noticed estimating sixty one percent at 1.0 mM of hydrogen peroxide associated to Ascorbic acid – ninety nine percent and Resveratrol ninety nine percent (p=0.0001).