سید احمد حسین امجدؔ حیدرآبادی
افسوس ہے کہ حکیم الشعراء سید احمد حسین امجد حیدرآبادی نے بھی اس جہاں فانی کو الوداع کہا، ان کی وفات محض دنیائے شاعری کا نہیں بلکہ دنیائے دل کا حادثہ ہے، وہ تنہا شاعر ہی نہیں اس سے زیادہ حکیم و عارف اور صاحب دل صوفی تھے، اردو کے نامور شاعروں سے آج بھی ہندوستان خالی نہیں، مگر امجد اپنے رنگ میں یگانہ تھے، ان کے کلام میں طور کی تجلی اور وادی یمن کے شراروں کا عکس ہے، خصوصاً رباعی گوئی میں اس زمانہ میں ان کا جواب نہ تھا، ان کی رباعیات حکمت و بصیرت کا دفتر ہیں، وہ صحیح معنوں میں اس دور کے سرمد اور ابوسعید ابو الخیر تھے، ان کی ذات بظاہر عارفانہ شاعری کا خاتمہ نظر آتا ہے۔
انھوں نے فطرۃً بھی حکیمانہ نظر اور درد آشنا دل پایا تھا، اور ان کو حوادث بھی ایسے پیش آئے جنھوں نے ان کو سراپا سوز اور حقیقت نگر بنادیا، وہ نثر بھی سادہ سلیس، بے تکلف، اور مؤثر و دلنشین لکھتے تھے، چھوٹے چھوٹے سادہ بلیغ فقروں میں بڑی حکیمانہ اور سبق آموز باتیں کہہ جاتے تھے، ان کی نظم و نثر کی تصانیف کی تعداد ایک درجن سے زیادہ ہوگی، دارالمصنفین سے ان کے دیرینہ تعلقات تھے، حضرت سید صاحب رحمۃ اﷲ علیہ ان کے اور ان کے کلام کے بڑے قدر دان تھے، حکیم الشعراء کا لقب ان کو انہی نے دیا تھا، ایک مرتبہ امجد مرحوم دارالمصنفین بھی آئے تھے، ان کی سادہ مگر پر تاثیر شخصیت اب تک نگاہ میں ہے ایک زمانہ میں ان کا کلام معارف میں بکثرت چھپتا تھا، مگر ادھر عرصہ سے ان چیزوں سے اس قدر مستغنی اور بے نیاز ہوگئے تھے کہ اپنا کلام رسالوں میں بھیجنا چھوڑ دیا تھا، افسوس ہے کہ شاخِ طوبیٰ کا...
The rise of Islam, which emerged as a panacea for the world problems is seen as a problem itself by the west today. The reason for this blame is the rise of extremism and Islam phobia in the western societies. This has serious implicat-ions for personal, communal, national and international security. The involve-ment of youth in extremist exertions is very high. They are being more action-oriented, easy to be influenced by radical ideologies and as an agent for thrus-ting social change. Keeping in consideration the role of youth in adopting to or combatting extremism, it is imperative to find the perception of this important population about the problem under investigation. The research study was conducted in six universities in the federal capital Islamabad to reach to the youth’s population. The research was guided by research questions that aimed at exploring students’ perception about extremism and its various dimensions. The researcher collected data through an open-ended questionnaire from 1840 students to seek an in-depth understanding of the problem. In order to increase credibility in the findings, the researcher conducted focused group interview with 12 young faculty members. The data from the questionnaires were conver-ted into percentages based on common themes. The interview data set were thematically analyzed to understand the causes of extremism and its suggested solutions. Recommendations were suggested to tackle the menace of extremism in Pakistan.
Representation of The Muslim In Qurratulain Hyder , E.M. Forster And Ahmad Ali : A Discourse Analysis The research investigates the nature and form of the colonial encounter in colonial and postcolonial fiction in the Subcontinent. The colonial fiction develops the stereotypes of the colonized whereas these stereotypes are challenged by the postcolonial counter-discourse. The representation of the colonized Muslim in India in the colonial discourse is a stereotype which is a jumble of fact and fiction. The identity of the colonized Muslim is established in the counter-discourse by the Muslim fiction writers in the Subcontinent. Their representation of the colonized Muslim counters the representation of the colonial discourse. The focus of the research is to draw a comparison between the two representations to investigate the nature of colonial encounter between the West and the Indian Muslims. Situated in the postcolonial theoretical perspective, the researcher has analyzed the novels of E. M. Forster, Ahmad Ali and Qurratulain Hyder to understand the identity of the colonized Muslims in the Subcontinent. Chapter one sets out the nature and the scope of the work, explaining the purpose of examining the representation of the colonized Muslims in the postcolonial novel, and outlining the theoretical context and the orientation of the study. The theoretical framework of the research and the methodology are also explained. The method of the investigation in this research has been a combination of the narrative analysis and the critical discourse analysis. Chapter two explores the postcolonial perspective of the research explaining the issues in the postcolonial theory regarding the identity of the colonized people. In this regard the various models of the postcolonial literature are discussed. Chapter three describes and interprets the text of A Passage to India to explore the stereotypes of the colonized Muslims in the colonial discourse. Chapter four and five describe and interpret the texts of Twilight in Delhi and River of Fire respectively, to explore the modes of writing back the colonial discourse in the postcolonial counter-discourse. Chapter six compares the representation of the colonized Muslims in the three novels and draws conclusions. The identity of the colonized Muslims appears to be discursively constructed, multilayered and polyphonic, and dialogically constructed in the power struggle in the colonial world.