47. Muhammad/The Prophet Muhammad
I/We begin by the Blessed Name of Allah
The Immensely Merciful to all, The Infinitely Compassionate to everyone.
47:01
a. Those who disbelieve and obstruct others from pursuing the Path of Allah,
b. HE will let all of their good deeds go waste,
c. so they will find no reward for these in the realm of the Hereafter.
47:02
a. While HE will erase impieties and sinful trespasses of those who:
- believe, and
- practice righteousness, and
- believe in what has been sent on to Muhammad The Prophet - The Qur’an, and
- that it is the Truth from their Rabb - The Lord, and
b. HE will absolve them of their evil deeds and also set aright their hearts and improve their
spiritual situation.
47:03
a. That is so because those who disbelieve they follow the falsehood,
b. while those who believe they follow The Truth - The Qur’an - from their Rabb - The Lord.
c. That is how Allah gives people precepts of wisdom by similitudes of themselves.
47:04
a. Whenever you encounter in the battlefield those who disbelieve, then strike their necks,
until, when you have overpowered them, then hold them firmly as prisoners of war.
b. Thereafter, you can either free them graciously or hold them to ransom against payment or in exchange of Muslim captives, until the battle lays down its burdens.
c. That is the rule!
d. Yet if Allah so willed, HE alone would have defended HIMSELF against them,
e. but HE allows fighting so that some of you may be tested by means of others in the
battlefield.
f. As for those who would...
As a result of the political crisis in Pakistan, the Martial Law regime of General Zia Al-Haq came into power on July 5, 1977. The process of Islamization was given a new boost during the period of Zia Al-Haq 1977- 1988. He launched a comprehensive scheme to eradicate non-Islamic practices in Pakistani state and society. His Islamization program contemplated significant reforms in the legal-constitutional, socioeconomic and educational institutions of Pakistan. The principles of Zakāt -‘Ushr ordinance, Islamic Ḥudūd and Penal code were introduced in the country. To Islamizing the economy Ribā abandoning and Profit and Loss sharing accounts in banks were initiated. Besides, he renamed parliament as Majlis Al-Shūrā; the Federal Sharī‘at Court, Sharī‘at Appellate Benches and Sharī‘ah Council were established in the country. Under the umbrella of Nizām-e-Muṣṭafā, social reforms were introduced, through the stressing of sanctity of the Holy month of Ramaḍān, enforcement of the bans on gambling and encouragement of chadar for women. Un-Islamic programs were banned on television and radio and news in Arabic was made compulsory. The stated objectives of President Zia’s Islamization policies were to lead Pakistan in the direction of truly Islamic state. However, the critics of his polices considered it a tool for legitimizing and enhancing his political powers in the country.
Population dynamics of P. xylostella was studied on cauliflowers in Haripur, Peshawar and Swat districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, having different altitudes and climatic conditions, during the two seasons from June to November in 2012 and 2013. The highest population of larvae and pupae per cauliflower plant was recorded in the month of September in all areas whereas the lowest was measured during July in both years. The population dynamics was correlated with the weather parameters and it was found that there was statistically non-significant (P>0.05) associations with temperatures (maximum and minimum) whereas the interaction with the relative humidity (RH) was non-significant in Haripur (2012 & 2013) and Swat (2013) and significant in Peshawar (2012 & 2013) and Swat (2012). Rainfall (RF) had a negative and highly significant (P<0.01) association with the population of P. xylostella. Multiple Regressions displayed 87.56 to 98.06% variability in population dynamics of P. xylostella in the studied areas due to weather parameters. To determine genetic variability among the populations of P. xylostella, 3rd and 4th instar larvae were collected from Haripur, Peshawar and Swat having distinct geographic conditions and altitudes and were investigated by using RAPD (DNA) primers technique. Seventeen primers were used that produced 64 bands at different loci within a range of between 250 to 1500 bp. The bands produced were all monomorphic and no polymorphisms were detected in the three populations. For the management of P. xylostella Lufenuron (5% EC-200ml/Acre), Steward (15.84% EC-175ml/Acre), Emamectine Benzoate (1.9% EC-200ml/Acre) and Arrivo (10% EC-250ml/Acre) pesticides were used in cauliflower. Lufenuron was found significantly more effective in terms of pest suppression, highest biological efficacy (B.E) and yield as well found safe for the parasitoids as compared to all other insecticides whereas Arrivo insecticide was found at par with the control. Similarly garlic, tomato, chilli and coriander were intercropped with cauliflower for two seasons to manage the infestation of P. xylostella. Garlic reduced the population significantly (P<0.01) as compared to other intercrops and likewise, the highest average yield, maximum percent gain over the control and avoidable losses per plot was obtained in cauliflower + garlic plots whereas the lowest yield (30.16 Kg/40 plants), minimum percent gain (7.56%) and percent avoidable losses (7.03%) was attained from the cauliflower plots intercropped with the coriander. Synchronized study was conducted of the best insecticide (Lufenuron) and intercrop (garlic) obtained from the previous experiments against P. xylostella in cauliflower. Lufenuron + garlic interaction showed significant results with highest biological efficacy (85.08 %), highest gain (90.68%) over control and percent avoidable losses (47.56%) and to suppress the infestation of P. xylostella as compared to their independent encounters. The combination of Lufenuron + garlic is recommended for farmer’s practices in cauliflower for the management of P. xylostella.