غربت و افلاس، جبری مشقت اور تشدد
ایک ان پڑھ اور غریب معاشرہ کبھی بھی ترقی کی منازل طے نہیں کر سکتا۔اسی وجہ سے بڑھتی ہوئی روز بروزسماجی تفریق اور غربت معاشرے میں ناسور کی شکل اختیارکرتی جا رہی ہے۔ معاشرے کا ایک طبقہ اگر زندگی کی ضروریات کو پورا کرنے سے محروم رہتا ہے تو غربت کسی بھی معاشرے میں اس سماجی تقسیم کا نام ہے جس میں ایک گروہ خوب ترقی کی منزلیں طے کرے تو دوسری طرف دوسرا گروہ مسلسل غربت و افلاس سے تنگ و تاریک زندگی گزارنے پر مجبورہو۔ کیونکہ اختیارات رکھنے والے کبھی بھی تنگ و تاریک زندگی گزارنے والے سفید پوش لوگوں کو ان کا حق نہیں دیں گے۔لوٹ کا بازار ایسا گرم ہے کہ مردہ ضمیر لوگ یہ بھول بیٹھے ہیں کہ ایک نوالہ ان کے لیے وجہ رحمت بن سکتا ہے۔غربت کی اسی رفتار کو ماپتے ہوئے کہا جا سکتا ہے کہ نوجوان نسل اور بچے اس غربت کا شکار ہو رہے ہیں۔بھوک سے تنگ انسان خوشحال و مطمئن زندگی نہیں گزار سکتا، وہ محروم ہے ہر اس پل سے جسے وہ سوچ کر خوش بھی نہیں ہو سکتا۔ انہوں نے بھی اس درد کو محسوس کیا اور ناول نو لکھی کوٹھی میں اس کو اپنا موضوع بنایا۔
مولوی کرامت کا گھرانہ جو پچھلے تیس سال سے چھوٹے سے گاؤں میں رہتا تھا۔گاؤں کی آبادی سو پچاس گھروں پر مشتمل تھی۔مولوی کا دادا بھی جب اس گاؤں میں آیا تو گدا گری اور چندے سے کام چلاتا تھا۔تب گاؤ ں کی مسجد خالی پڑی تھی۔اس نے ادھر ہی گڈری جما لی اور نماز پڑھنے لگا۔ شروع شروع میں لوگ غربت کو مدنظر رکھتے ہوئیترس کھا کر روٹی دے دیتے تھے۔دیکھا دیکھی گاؤں کے کچھ لوگوں نے اس کے پیچھے نماز...
In comparison to the production of physical currency, e-money is a commodity that is provided by banks or financial-sector firms, such as paypal. Then the transaction and investment processes shifted with technical advancements. Today, cryptocurrencies seem to render commerce and transaction structures simpler. The invention of electronic money would help young people expand, given the universal usage of transaction resources to promote goods owned by business owners in all international countries. The blockchain mechanism will operate separately, apart from the transaction speed, without any agency regulating or manipulating all continuing transactions.
Wireless local area network (WLAN) has changed the paradigm of communication and become
ubiquitous. As the number of devices connected on wireless is increasing, it is therefore,
essential to find vulnerabilities in the security of wireless networks. In this research, WLAN
security vulnerabilities are exposed in real time and digital forensics of WLAN for Windows and
Android operating system-based clients are conducted. A real time wardriving was conducted in
a residential area to emphasize the fact that WLAN broadcast sensitive information. The results
of wardriving showed that 97% of WLAN access points (AP) were using WPA2. According to
the data collected it was found that channel 11 and channel 1 were used by 52% WLAN APs and
the average number of clients per AP was 1.59. Tenda WiFi wireless access point was set up
with MAC filtering, hidden SSID and WPA2 security mechanisms in different combinations in
such a way as to add an additional layer of security to previous configuration. The vulnerability
assessment of security mechanisms of residential AP was performed with Kali Linux version
2017.1. A practical demonstration of exploiting MAC filtering, Hidden SSID with MAC filtering
and WPA2-PSK with hidden SSID and MAC filtering security mechanisms of AP was carried
out in real time. It was observed that the existing security mechanisms were vulnerable.
Furthermore, the digital traces left behind or stored in 802.11 based devices were also explored
in order to investigate wireless network attacks. Researchers have proposed probabilistic models
for detecting MAC spoofing attacks of WLAN clients. However, in this research, a live forensic
method based on changing position of legitimate client with respect to attack detector and
observing received signal strength of wireless packets to detect MAC filtering bypass attack was
proposed. De-authentication attacks on wireless networks were also detected. This thesis also
explored the methods of finding WLAN artifacts from Windows and Android OS devices to
determine whether a particular device was connected to an unauthorized wireless network or not.
Researchers have exploited many security mechanisms of WLAN focusing upon a single
parameter of WLAN security at a time. However, in this work, three available security
mechanisms were cascaded to produce a three-layer security mechanism which was exploited in
real-time.