105. Al-Fil/The Elephant
I/We begin by the Blessed Name of Allah
The Immensely Merciful to all, The Infinitely Compassionate to everyone.
105:01
a. Have you not considered the way your Rabb - The Lord dealt with the Army of the Elephant?
105:02
a. Did HE not utterly foil their evil plans by their own destruction?
105:03
a. When HE let loose upon them swarms of birds/insects flying from all directions,
105:04
a. pelting them with pebbles of hard-baked clay,
105:05
a. and, thus, HE turned them just like chewed-up chaff of cattle.
Macroeconomics relates to economics elements at national level. Islam has conveyed its guidance in this sphere too. It encourages modest life style and thereby reduces expenditure, hence, increased savings. These savings can be utilized for investments to boost economy. Banking play an important role in creating pool of deposits used to finance businesses. Governmental regulatory intervenetions are at times involves controlling prices, preventing hoarding and monitoring adulteration. These issues have been discussed in this article with reference to relevant Islamic Teachings.
The present studies were performed to investigate the phytochemical composition and pharmacological potential of different solvent fractions (methanolic, n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and water) of Taverniera nummularia and Ifloga spicata. The different solvent fractions were tested for various types of phytochemicals, antimicrobial assay, hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay, DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging assay and detoxification effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on blood lymphocytes of humans under induced stress of H2O2. Methanolic extract of Taverniera nummularia and Ifloga spicata revealed significantly (p<0.05) higher antibacterial potential against S. aureus. The ethyl acetate, n-hexane and chloroform significantly showed higher antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa. The different fractions for antibacterial activity used against E. coli were methanolic ethyl acetate, aqueous, n-hexane and chloroform. Maximum activity against fungi was exhibited by chloroform fraction against Aspergillus niger (64%), Aspergillus flavus (62.02%) and Aspergillus fumigates (59.25%). The n-hexane, aqueous, methanolic and ethyl acetate showed higher antioxidant activity were higher for n-hexane, aqueous, methanolic and ethyl acetate as a compare to other fractions. The superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) activities of the human blood lymphocytes were significantly (p<0.05) decreased in response to oxidative stress induced by H2O2. The antioxidant enzymes activities were significantly improved by the various leaf fractions of Taverniera nummularia and Ifloga spicata at 50µg/ml under H2O2 stress methanol and aqueous fractions being the most effective ones. The increase in antioxidant enzymes activities showed significant decrease in the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and thiobarbituric acid (TBARS) content.The in vivo antidiabetic activity of methanolic extract of Taverniera nummularia (T. nummularia) and Iflago spicata (I. spicata) was investigated in mice. Treatment with alloxan significantly. The alloxan treated mice exhibited a significant increase in blood glucose level, total bilirubin, ALT, ALP, urea,creatinine,total proteins, triglycerides and LDL cholesterol content as compared with control group (p<0.05). Treatment with methanolic leaf extract of Taverniera nummularia and Ifloga spicata significantly decreased blood glucose level and resulted in a better body weight under hyperglycemic conditions. Moreover, increases in the content of bilirubin, ALT, ALP, urea,Craetinine,total proteins, triglycerides and LDL cholesterol due to hyperglycemia was normalized by treatment with methanolic extract of both the plant species. Further column chromatography to find the basic ingredients responsible for this potential will be very useful and interesting. This can result in diversity in natural product and pharmaceutical chemistry.