حدود اور قصاص میں عورت كی گواہی

Dispensation of justice is a prerequisite for any society to move forward. The concept of justice encompasses whole spheres of life. The judicial system of Islam is based on a very strong footing. According to the Sharia, testimony is one means of proof. One aspect of it is 'evidence of woman' which has been discussed by the jurists in detail. According to the majority opinion, evidence of women is acceptable only in civil cases and Ta'azirat. , while it is not acceptable for the punishment of Hudood and Qisas. They have based their opinion on some verses of the Holy Quran and the Traditions, while there is a strong opinion of some other jurists that there is no restriction on the evidence of women in all kinds of cases. This article deals with the issue in which different opinions of the jurists have been presented with their arguments

A Study of Abel Grassmanns Groupoids in the Framework of Double-Framed Soft Sets

In this thesis, the ideal theory of Abel Grassmann’s groupoids (briefly ??-groupoids) in the framework of Double-Framed Soft Sets (briefly ?ℱ??s) is developed. The main notions defined in this thesis are that of Double-Framed Soft Abel-Grassmann’s groupoids (briefly ?ℱ? ??-groupoids), Double-Framed Soft ideals (briefly ?ℱ?ℐs), Double-Framed Soft bi-ideals (briefly ?ℱ?ℬℐs), Double-Framed Soft interior ideals (briefly ?ℱ?ℐℐs) and Double-Framed Soft quasi ideals (briefly ?ℱ??ℐs).We also generalize ?ℱ? ??-groupoids, ?ℱ?ℐs of ??groupoids and ?ℱ?ℬℐs of ??-groupoids to (M, N)- ?ℱ? ??-groupoid, (M, N)- ?ℱ?ℐs of ??groupoids and (M, N)- ?ℱ?ℬℐs ??-groupoids respectively. We discuss these newly defined notions in regular, intra-regular, left regular and right regular ??-groupoids. These classes of ??-groupoids are characterized in terms of the newly defined notions. Since the inception of soft sets is to deal with uncertainty in the data and has many applications in decisions systems, we utilize the concept of ?ℱ??s in decision making as well. Decision makings schemes based on ?ℱ??s and ?ℱ? Expert sets have been developed.