مولانا سعید انصاری
مولاناسعید انصاری دارالمصنفین اعظم گڑھ کے قدیم رفیق تھے،اگرچہ وہ اپنی طبیعت کے تلو ّن اورعدمِ استقلال کی وجہ سے کسی ایک جگہ جم کر کام نہیں کرسکے، تاہم دارالمصنفین کے ساتھ تعلق اور پھر ہندوستانی اکاڈمی الہ آباد کے تِماہی رسالہ ’ہندوستانی‘ کے اڈیٹر کی حیثیت سے انھوں نے جوکتابیں تالیف و ترتیب دیں اورجومقالات لکھے وہ اُردو زبان کے سنجیدہ مصنّفین کی فہرست میں اُن کانام شامل وباقی رکھنے کی ضمانت ہیں۔ [جون۱۹۶۳ء]
The death penalty is one of the core issues which have been widely discussed around the world. As capital punishment has been the part of the Islamic legal system, the Quran and hadith explicitly established the penalties in various serious crimes. A majority of the world‟s nations has abolished the death penalties from their constitutions, but most of the Islamic countries firmly believe in this system. One root cause of it is that the Holy Quran and hadith provide the justification for capital punishment. Further, several Islamic countries where Islam has the status of the state religion, allow the application of the death penalty. This work has prompted us to expose that the Islamic penal code is well-established in the legal and political systems of Islamic countries and the impact of religious traditions have an indirect impact on the implication of the death sentence. Since the death penalty is even now broadly established in Muslim countries, there is also increasing support in several of these states to abolish of the death penalty. Some secular activists have distorted the Quranic verses dealing with the death penalty to support their instance. For different reasons, they claim that political governments may use the death penalty as cover to suppress their political rivals. Our findings reveal that secular propaganda against the Islamic penal system is based on wrong assumptions and a result of Islamophobia. This research article can provide a logical discussion on the issue of capital punishment, rooted in the true spirit of the Islamic punishment system.
Federalism in modern state system has worked fantastically and enabled the states to create welfare state by devolving maximum powers to provincial and local levels. Pakistan, by default, emerged as federal states because of accession of federating units, Punjab, Sindh Balochistan, NWFP (currently known as KPK) to Pakistan in 1947. The centre-province relations since 1947 have passed through many phases as form of government from military dictatorship to parliamentary democracy treated the provinces according to their liking/disliking but the study intends to explore and analyze the CentrePunjab relations from 2008 to 2013, an era of Pakistan history which is unique in various aspects and the most importantly provincial autonomy was further granted by transferring the concurrent list to the provinces in the 18th Amendment.. The hypothesis of the study is that during this period there were ups and downs in the Centre-province relations mainly because of the changing approaches and policies of the main political parties of Pakistan namely, Pakistan People‘s Party and Pakistan Muslim League (N) but the federal structure was refined and can be considered as the best period so far in the history of Pakistan. The Centre-Punjab relations were not as smooth as is stated above because it has ups and downs. The most important component and the biggest province of Federating unit of Pakistan the province of the Punjab at times displayed resentment against the Centre when the Federal Government adopted harsh policy towards the federating units particularly against the Punjab and as a result, the province of the Punjab also reacted accordingly. The result of this tussle between the federal and provincial government was that federal system could not attain the high standard as was expected after the 18thamendments. The research has tried to find out the answer of the basic question: Why Centre-Province relations could not achieve highest standard of federalism despite transferring and devolving more powers to the provinces in the 18th Amendment? However, the evolution of the federal system during this period can also be called remarkable shining episode of history which will influence the future working of federal structure in the country. The period under discussion is of immense importance which have not yet academically analyzed by the historians and this study intends to achieve that end and fill the important gap in the historical literature.