نوجوانوں کے مسائل
نحمدہ ونصلی علی رسولہ الکریم امّا بعد فاعوذ بااللہ من الشیطن الرجیم
بسم اللہ الرحمن الرحیم
معزز اسا تذہ کرام اور میرے ہم مکتب شاہینو!
آج مجھے جس موضوع پر اظہار خیال کرنا ہے وہ ہے:’’نوجوانوں کے مسائل ‘‘
صدرِذی وقار!
مسئلہ جیسا بھی ہو پریشان کن ہوتا ہے۔ ذہنی اور جسمانی قویٰ کے اضمحلال کا باعث ہوتا ہے اس کے حل کے لیے کوششیں کی جاتی ہیں ، اس کو عوام النّاس کے ذریعے اہل علم طبقہ کے ذریعے تگ و دو اور کاوش کے ذریعے حاصل کرنے کی ہر ممکن کوشش کی جاتی ہے تا کہ مسئلہ، مسئلہ ہی نہ رہے۔
جنابِ صدر!
مسائل کے شکار لوگ اپنی ذات کی حد تک سوچتے ہیں، ان کی قوت فکر محدود ہو جاتی ہے ان کے سوچنے کا انداز مختلف ہو جاتا ہے، دوست و احباب ان کے عظیم مشوروں سے محروم رہتے ہیں یہاں تک کہ تہذیب وتمدن اور کلچروثقافت تک متاثر ہوجاتے ہیں۔
صدرِمحترم!
مسائل کسی کی شکل وصورت دیکھ کرنہیں آتے ، یا قد کاٹھ والے شخص ہی مسائل کا شکار نہیں ہوتے، مسئلہ کسی کو بھی درپیش ہوسکتا ہے، غریب ہو یا امیر ہو، شاہ ہو یا گدا ہو ، چھوٹا ہو یا بڑا ہر ایک کو کوئی نہ کوئی مسئلہ درپیش رہتاہے۔ اور یوں ہی اس کے شب وروز مسائل کے حل میں گزرتے رہتے ہیں۔
ہر دل میں نئی طرح سے ہے یاد کسی کی
ملتی نہیں فریاد سے فریاد کسی کی
جناب صدر!
لیکن نو جوانوں کے مسائل بڑے گھمبیر ہوتے ہیں ، بچے کا اگر کوئی مسئلہ ہے تو نوجوان حل کر لیتے ہیں ،نوجوانوں کا مسئلہ پیرانہ سالی کے شکار لوگوں سے بوجہ ضعف اور تھکاوٹ حل ہونا مشکل ہو جاتا ہے۔ اس لیے اس عمر میں...
The progress of nations lies in the hands of educated youth. Presently, our Muslims youth are facing numerous challenges. This include western propaganda against Islam as a threat to peace, moral degradation, lacking spirit of inquiry, internet addiction, blind following of western norms and cultures and various kinds of social problems such as violence, gambling and pornography. Our Muslim youth is wandering in identity crises and have forgotten the true spirit of Islam and the achievements of our forefathers. Majority of youth are copying and adopting the western style of life and cultural involvement. One reason for this may be the education system that we have inherited from the colonial masters. This is also replicated by electronic media and the Western propaganda against Islam that we don’t take pride to be staunch Muslims otherwise; we will be blamed as extremists. Our education system has also failed in instilling the spirit of inquiry, critical thinking and moral judgment in our youth. In order to develop the potential of our youth to reform our society and not to be led by baseless beliefs, the role of teaching is very important. With this goal in mind, the students should be empowered through argumentation skills. This requires teaching students through argumentation method by involving/guiding students to make a claim then write justification for their claim and finally counter argument to support their claim. The essence of argumentation is not new as the Holy Qur’ān repeatedly stressed the believers to use their intellect, to critically observe their surroundings and avoid baseless information. Practice with argumentation will help in developing critical skills in our youth and in making informed decisions. They would not blindly follow western norms and would be able to answer western propaganda through solid arguments and valid justifications.
The study has focused on the foreign portfolio investment (FPI) in Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX). Mixed-method approach is applied to analyse quantitative and qualitative data. The study analyses three types of data, thus it presents three different analysis procedures. Quarterly data from secondary sources (2007Q3 to 2017Q2) of ten consecutive years, primary data collected through questionnaire and qualitative data collected through interviews have been analysed. Firstly, drivers of FPI are identified and explored through secondary data. Two different sets of variables (macroeconomic variables and stock market indicators) are explored. Macroeconomic variables include economic growth activity, interest rates, exchange rate risk, inflation rate, country risk and foreign direct investment (FDI). The set of stock market indicators include stock market size/capitalization, stock market returns, stock market risk, stock market liquidity and stock market index. The relationship of both sets of variables with the dependent variable has been explored. Correlation is checked along with Co-integration analysis. Co-integration is carried out for checking the long-term relationship between the selected variables. After establishing long-term relationship, short-term relationship has been explored through Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). Furthermore, magnitude of these relationships has been checked by doing the multiple regression analysis through Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method. After secondary data analysis, the influence of FPI flows on the investment decisions of domestic institutional investors has been checked by analyzing primary data collected through questionnaire-based survey from domestic institutional investors listed at PSX. The questionnaire comprises of thirty questions, covering three behavioural factors; overconfidence, conservatism and herding effect in the context of FPI. Six separate questions have been asked in order to triangulate the results of secondary data analysis. The responses have almost supported the results of the secondary data analysis. For further thorough analysis, interviews from ten domestic institutional investors have also been conducted. The respondents were asked that whether FPI flows really influence the investors’ investment behaviour and secondly, suggestions regarding investment decisions have also been sought from them. Almost, all of the interviewees responded cooperatively and suggested that government should take steps in order to provide safety to foreign investors and protect the small domestic investors as well, especially, in crisis situations. Thus, this study has been carried out about the foreign investment in Pakistan by applying mix-method approach with quantitative and qualitative data analysis. The study has clear policy implications for the policy makers and the stock market stake holders.