پاکستانی نوجوان’’ فکری انحراف، اسباب اور سدباب‘‘ اسوہ حسنہ کی روشنی میں

The Pakistani youth are engaged day and night in a struggle for attainment of education, technology, and status. But what is deplorable is that they have forgotten their cultural values, ethics, code of life, and religious identity in order to unite with external powers in becoming part of the drive for development and they have become ignorant of their fundamental responsibilities as a member of the Muslim Ummah. What are the priorities and issues facing Muslims on the local, national, and international levels? Especially in Europe and America the Muslim youth are standing at the crossroads. They are undergoing a religious, ideological, and moral decline. History is eye witness to how the Muslim youth made valuable sacrifices in all walks of life and persevered in making incredible achievements. Moreover, it is the three-fold ideological, cultural, and emotional invasion of the anti-Islamic forces which has been the cause of a weakening of faith in the Muslim Ummah in general and the young generation in particular, since ideology is of primary significance for any nation, religion, movement, or group. It is true that nations are formed and sustained on the basis of ideology. The moment the ideological base is weakened, decline and dissolution become the fate of nations. They are unaware of how it is our foremost national duty and an urgent need to develop scholars who would propagate the Islamic agenda. Contrastively, the anti-Islamic forces are engaged in engendering their representatives. Hence, in order to safeguard our youth from ideological and religious dissolution it is necessary that educational and cultural steps are taken in society in advance so that our youth are provided with a wholesome environment free of ideological dissolution. An outline of the article is given below: The importance and significance of the prime of youth, The ideological propensities of the youth, The causes of dissension in youth, The remedy of dissension, are discussed in detail in this article.

New Bioactive Homoleptic and Heteroleptic Cu Ii Carboxylates

There is a dire need in modern era of scientific research, to discover new metal based drugs with higher activity and selectivity to cope with the impending challenges in treating diseases like diabetes, alzheimer and cancer. In this regard, metal complexes derived from biologically essential metal like copper with strong history of biological activities are exciting candidates to be considered. This thesis reports the synthesis, characterization and biological activities of five series of homoleptic and heteroleptic Cu(II) complexes (5×7=35). Different derivatives of phenylacetic acids (2-chloro, 3- chloro, 2-methyl-3-nitro, 2-methoxy and 2-bromo) were reacted in aqueous medium with the metal salt CuSO4.5H2O to yield five (1-5) new homoleptic metal complexes. Further, reacting these complexes with pyridine based compounds (Pyridine, 1,10- phenenthroline, 2,2’-bipyridine, 2-chloropyridine, 2-bromo-pyridine, 3-methylpyridine) generated five series of new heteroleptic metal complexes. A total of twenty crystal structures were determined throughout this work by single crystal XRD analysis. The multi binding mode of phenylacetic acids used in the study gave rise to different molecular arrangements ranging from monomer to dimer, oxygen bridged or paddlewheel conformations. In almost all crystal lattices distorted square pyramidal geometry was found around the metal center. The DNA binding ability of the synthesized complexes was tested through UV-visible spectroscopy and the binding constant (Kb) was calculated for each complex along with ΔG values. Results of the study suggested that all these complexes bind with Salmon-sperm DNA through a mixed binding mode both intercalative and groove binding. In order to evaluate the other therapeutic applications of the complexes, an in-vitro enzyme inhibition assay was performed. The enzyme inhibition potential was tested for two classes of enzymes, α-glucosidases and anticholinesterases which are considered for diabetes and Alzheimer, respectively in humans with acarbose and galantaminehydrobromide as control. Their enzyme inhibition abilities were further correlated with the structural features of the synthesized complexes. All data suggested that such complexes could provide a potential solid foundation in future for designing Cu-based drugs to treat type (II) diabetes and Alzheimer disease.